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Abstract

An adaptive architecture was engineered into our existing ETC system. This new system architecture enables us to adapt new modules into our operational network and work seamlessly with our existing components. Architecture design, testing methodology and implementation ex...Lead moreAn adaptive architecture was engineered into our existing ETC system. This new system architecture enables us to adapt new modules into our operational network and work seamlessly with our existing components. Architecture design, testing methodology and implementation experiences are presented in this paper. One site with new modules is already operational. With this new architecture, FETC will be able to keep pace with technology advancement gradually without complete overhaul.

Abstract

Our Korean standard of DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication), standardization and technical trends of DSRC in the Japan and U.S. is investigated, and present the effective collection and provision of traffic information on the expressway is reviewed, then this papers ...Lead moreOur Korean standard of DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication), standardization and technical trends of DSRC in the Japan and U.S. is investigated, and present the effective collection and provision of traffic information on the expressway is reviewed, then this papers propose to effectively collect and provide traffic information using DSRC. In the aspect of collecting the traffic information, RSE(Road Side Equipment) can measure the speed and volume of cars in the section with linking the adjacent RSE, but it is difficult for RSE to measure the speed and volume of cars in the point of RSE. So, in order to recover the problem, I suggest that present VDS(Vehicles Detection Systems) with loop and camera or GPS should be used to collect the traffic information in the point of the RSE. In the point of providing the traffic information, I research the plan which providing the drivers with the moving picture of CCTV which is in front areas. But, present standard of DSRC cannot transfer the moving picture of CCTV in the small communication zone because transfer rate is about 36kbps. So, modulation method should be improved by means of changing ASK into QPSK or OFDM. And, the generating power of RSE should be increased, because the collection and provision of traffic information target to increase the benefit of many drivers on the expressway. Finally, it should be channelised by 5MHz or 10MHz, then various ITS service is implemented easily.

Abstract

License plate recognition attracts much attention in application to ETC, parking areas, etc. However, there still remains many difficulty in recognition against low resolution images, which is common in existing system. We propose a license number recognition system suitable for such low resolutionLicense plate recognition attracts much attention in application to ETC, parking areas, etc. However, there still remains many difficulty in recognition against low resolution images, which is common in existing system. We propose a license number recognition system suitable for such low resolution

Abstract

As the role of the automobile software increases, the vehicle-IT technology is trying to differentiate the quality of automobile through the various convergence services, exhaust gas measurement and eco-driving guidance of a vehicle, etc. However, car manufacturers still ...Lead moreAs the role of the automobile software increases, the vehicle-IT technology is trying to differentiate the quality of automobile through the various convergence services, exhaust gas measurement and eco-driving guidance of a vehicle, etc. However, car manufacturers still do not easily open the in-vehicle network information which is dependent to the hardware. Due to this, it is not easy that developers develop and test the new application using this information in small businesses. Therefore, this paper is based on CAN component technology for developing applications that can be reused repeatedly in the vehicle and applied to the eco-driving service development.

Abstract

In this paper, a vehicle antenna for AM radio systems was designed and implemented. AM antenna loaded into small space of shark shape was designed by ferrite material. For the Omni-directional radiation achievement, turn style theory that has two perpendicular antenna was...Lead moreIn this paper, a vehicle antenna for AM radio systems was designed and implemented. AM antenna loaded into small space of shark shape was designed by ferrite material. For the Omni-directional radiation achievement, turn style theory that has two perpendicular antenna was applied. We made 90 degree phase shifter by the electrical circuit with transistor. AM antenna was implemented and measured both radiation pattern and receiving signal strength using the spectrum analyzer. AM signal strength was -65.7 dBm, this strength is almost as same conventional pole antenna as -63.4 dBm. It can be replaced conventional pole or glass antenna by the studied antenna. Radiation pattern showed almost omni-directional pattern.

Abstract

This paper demonstrate the computer system expansion scheme for RSE(Road Side Equipment).This paper demonstrate the computer system expansion scheme for RSE(Road Side Equipment).

Abstract

This study is aimed at the estimation of the travel time taken between the starting tollgate and the destination tollgate using the highly usable and rich TCS data of expressways in the respect of the utilization of traffic information in order to provide reliable estimat...Lead moreThis study is aimed at the estimation of the travel time taken between the starting tollgate and the destination tollgate using the highly usable and rich TCS data of expressways in the respect of the utilization of traffic information in order to provide reliable estimation information. The expressway path travel time was estimated by combining the link travel time in the path through the prior-processing of TCS data. In cases of missing TCS data, the increased patterns of travel time were analyzed and the TCS travel time of the previous cycle was referred to by linear interpolation method. When the missing travel time is extended to a long time, the dynamic travel time on the VDS Time Space Diagram was calculated and compared with the TCS travel time to compensate the missing values. In case of the dynamic travel time by VDS Time Space Diagram, the travel time in an abnormal transit state or in a congested/normal state could be more accurately estimated compared with existing VDS travel times and the patterns of travel time changing depending upon the fluctuation of traffic volume were also well reflected. Also a paired T-test was performed by comparing the path travel time in the long-distance sections such as the Seoul-Cheonan and the Seoul-Daejeon sections with raw TCS data and with the TDS median values of single links in which the vehicles ran and the estimated travel time was found to show no statistical difference.

Abstract

In this paper, we apply a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology to an intelligent transportation system (ITS) and compare its performance with considering Doppler shift. Because multiple antennas are applied to the transmitter, the receiver, or both in the MIMO techn...Lead moreIn this paper, we apply a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology to an intelligent transportation system (ITS) and compare its performance with considering Doppler shift. Because multiple antennas are applied to the transmitter, the receiver, or both in the MIMO technology, it can obtain reliability or achieve high throughput. The performance is evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER). From the simulation results, we can confirm that the proposed scheme can improve the system performance. It is also shown that the rate of performance improvement rises as the number of antennas increases.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose and simulate reliability of Hi-pass system with cooperative sensing for an intelligent transportation system (ITS). From simulation results, proposed scheme is apply to 2 antennas and it is confirmed that, reliability of Hi-pass system is increas...Lead moreIn this paper, we propose and simulate reliability of Hi-pass system with cooperative sensing for an intelligent transportation system (ITS). From simulation results, proposed scheme is apply to 2 antennas and it is confirmed that, reliability of Hi-pass system is increased. Especially, in case of low speed, the proposed Hi-pass sensing system shows better performance than existing methods.

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) , has the profoundness and complexity that the evolutions of transportation system did not have ever before. A variety of advanced technologies, especially information technology, have been integrated in intelligent vehicles (IVs). ...Lead moreIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) , has the profoundness and complexity that the evolutions of transportation system did not have ever before. A variety of advanced technologies, especially information technology, have been integrated in intelligent vehicles (IVs). That results in a multimedia information environment for the IV driving. This paper defines the information environment, presents its realization mechanism and characteristics fused human factors. Aimed at the information measurement, a new method of semantic tree is proposed to evaluate the understanding of information for driving, and discussions are focused on the definitions of concept system, calculations of information granularity and depth. With regard to the relative syntax and pragmatic measurement of information, some primary viewpoints are also introduced. The complete designs of tridimensional measurement of semantic information and compound measurement of information for intelligent driving come into being at last.

Abstract

Most of domestic parking lots are managed one-way system for its prime goal is to minimize traffic conflicts and to obtain convenience of managers, thus it will result in the minimization of internal traffic delays. Some of mega-parking lots developed internal parking rou...Lead moreMost of domestic parking lots are managed one-way system for its prime goal is to minimize traffic conflicts and to obtain convenience of managers, thus it will result in the minimization of internal traffic delays. Some of mega-parking lots developed internal parking route guidance system of each block, recently, but still the effort of improving internal transition methods seems to be vague. This research contains the analysis of decrease in internal traffic delays and improved efficiency of parking lot usage via the alternation of management to allow two-way traffic and introduction of optimized PRGS. For the analysis, setting a virtual parking lot to have each alternation or both in order to establish respective scenarios was essential. The analyses of respective scenarios contain the difference in total travel time and total delay time and the change in effect values by the increase in traffic volume. The method of analyses was a micro-simulation algorithm. When introduced the optimized PRGS there was significant decrease in both total travel time and total delay time, and considered most effective when managed with two-way system. The effectiveness of introducing optimized PRGS was proportional to the traffic volume. The results of the research converged to the conclusion of the needs of further researches, both theoretical and practical, of the establishment and management of parking lots. Parking lot itself holds its particular traffic system as the road does, thus by the organized researches, the minimization of unnecessary traffic delays in parking lots can be achieved, ultimately resulting in the energy reduction and the decrease of carbon emission.

Abstract

Nationwide interoperable transportation card, the OCAP card (One Card All Pass card in Korea) based on the KS (Korea Industry Standard) is compatible and applicable nationwide no matter the transportation methods, region or area. We are required to conduct with a proper a...Lead moreNationwide interoperable transportation card, the OCAP card (One Card All Pass card in Korea) based on the KS (Korea Industry Standard) is compatible and applicable nationwide no matter the transportation methods, region or area. We are required to conduct with a proper assurance test system in order to verify the developed OCAP card system and establish it reliability in the real environment. This paper design and develop the assurance test system which satisfying the physical, functional and secure characteristic of the OCAP card. Specifically, we develop a couple of novel measuring devices for testing physical characteristic: operating a range-finding device, an anti-collision measuring device. The physical assurance test system is completed with those devices. Also we develop functional testing software for testing functional and secure characteristic based on the three kinds of purchase protocols (transaction, re-transaction, cancellation of transaction). Those new developed devices and software based on KS can complete an assurance test system as country level. We evaluate the system as running a test-bed with three different transit operator's OCAP cards, the devices and protocols performed well in a variety of card's conditions. This assurance test system is qualified by the KAT (Korean Agency for Technology and Standards) of the MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy), that feasibility and validity to use in the real world is proved.

Abstract

The Electronic Toll Collection System of KEC(Korea Expressway Corporation), hi-pass, accepts all vehicles equipped with hi-pass OBU(On Board Unit) and automatically collects toll by wireless communication. Firstly introduced in 2000 and spread all over the nation in Decem...Lead moreThe Electronic Toll Collection System of KEC(Korea Expressway Corporation), hi-pass, accepts all vehicles equipped with hi-pass OBU(On Board Unit) and automatically collects toll by wireless communication. Firstly introduced in 2000 and spread all over the nation in December 2007, 253 million vehicles has equipped hi-pass OBU and 36.1% of vehicles on expressway uses hi-pass as of June 2009, with continuous growth. Design handbook of KEC addressed that the number of hi-pass lane is basically one, except special cases like high volume, separated toll plaza, multi-connected ramps. In terms of layout, hi-pass lane located the most left side in principle; it could be adjusted under characteristics of geometric design and traffic flow. However, there were few studies about effect analysis of various layout cases, while many of former studies focused on the connection length. In this study, some of common toll plaza design in Korea would be analyzed by simulation with TransModeler package of Caliper, with various cases related with lane layout, proportion of hi-pass usage, angle between main line and ramps, and arrival distribution. Finally, this study tried to find the lane layout with minimized travel time and weaving points while maintaining appropriate V/C level of hi-pass lane.

Abstract

We investigated the display conditions that allow drivers to recognize the presence of humans in infrared images obtained with an automotive night vision system. First, we examined how the resolution and gradation of far-infrared images relate to the recognition of human ...Lead moreWe investigated the display conditions that allow drivers to recognize the presence of humans in infrared images obtained with an automotive night vision system. First, we examined how the resolution and gradation of far-infrared images relate to the recognition of human presence. The results showed that the resolution of photocells is a key factor in obtaining high-quality far-infrared images under real-world conditions. It was also found that around six pixels, corresponding to the height of the human face in the camera photocells, represent the threshold level for recognizing the presence of humans. The number of pixels is expressed as ppf (pixels per face height) in this study. Finally, it was observed that the head or the upper part of the human body plays an important role in a driver's recognition of human presence.

Abstract

It is important to rapidly obtain traffic information over a large area for various applications. A time sequence of aerial images is useful for this purpose. In this study, we propose a method of registering a time sequence of aerial images, from which traffic informatio...Lead moreIt is important to rapidly obtain traffic information over a large area for various applications. A time sequence of aerial images is useful for this purpose. In this study, we propose a method of registering a time sequence of aerial images, from which traffic information over a large area can be obtained collectively, even after a disaster, and a digital map, which is used to analyze the images by a simple method. The achievements of this study will enable the establishment of a traffic information collection system that can work stably in various situations.

Abstract

Ubiquitous Transportation Systems (UTS) are developed to provide a seamless, accurate and reliable traffic information utilizing realtime vehicle to vehicle communication. UTS require the new data collection process, dissemination technology and wireless vehicle ad hoc ne...Lead moreUbiquitous Transportation Systems (UTS) are developed to provide a seamless, accurate and reliable traffic information utilizing realtime vehicle to vehicle communication. UTS require the new data collection process, dissemination technology and wireless vehicle ad hoc network technology. In this study, several algorithms were investigated, focusing on how traffic information can be collected, processed and shared within a agent-based traffic information system for UVS. I proposed three new algorithms. These algorithms are more sophisticated than previous ones. Evaluating developed algorithms, microscopic traffic simulation were performed using AIMSUN and API programs written in C. The accuracy was measured by MAPE and Theil' inequity. The result showed that newly developed algorithms in this study superior to superior to algorithms. Especially in the event of an incident condition. The newly developed algorithms will be applied to UVS (Ubiquitous Vehicle Sensor) as a firmware to estimate travel time of an individual vehicle.

Abstract

Microscopic traffic simulation models have been used for various occasions such as evaluating geometry changes, traffic signal timing plan updates or other strategies. The microscopic traffic simulation models are much faster, safer and cheaper than actual field implement...Lead moreMicroscopic traffic simulation models have been used for various occasions such as evaluating geometry changes, traffic signal timing plan updates or other strategies. The microscopic traffic simulation models are much faster, safer and cheaper than actual field implementations. However, without proper calibration and validation, the results could be misleading. Therefore this paper compare calibration methods based on the application of a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm as optimization tools for determining a optimal set of PARAMICS parameter values. The paper also includes developing the optimization program using C++ language for the PARAMICS Plug-in to implementation the proposed calibration process. For those purpose, field data collected on weekdays over a 40 km segment of the Jung-bu freeway and a 30 km segment of the Je 2 Jung-bu freeway were used. The results from simulation after calibration show that each algorithm is able to search for a set of parameter value, that enable PARAMICS to replicate 43 loop detector speed that match the field data closely. A comparison between the performance of both methods shows that genetic algorithms are faster than simulated annealing algorithm for this problem.

Abstract

This paper describes the simulation scheme for coverage area estimation of FM multiplex broadcasting VICS services. Since electric field intensity is dominant determiner of transmission characteristics, first VICS Center conducted a computer generated simulation on the el...Lead moreThis paper describes the simulation scheme for coverage area estimation of FM multiplex broadcasting VICS services. Since electric field intensity is dominant determiner of transmission characteristics, first VICS Center conducted a computer generated simulation on the electric field intensity with transmission antenna height, gain, radiation pattern, and receiving antenna height. Geographical elevation data from LANDSAT satellite is also utilizes the simulation to calculate transmission loss from Fresnel diffraction. And second, in several areas using vehicles mounted VICS-FM receivers, VICS Center conducted site surveys to gather electric field strength and bit and/or packet error rates simultaneously every 2.5 second. A quarter wave length of FM radio wave (1/4 λ) whip antenna, installed at 1.5m height, was used for the site surveys. It took enough long time to pick meaningful data up in a variety of places under diverse transmission circumstances. Electromagnetic and electric disturbances on transmission chain cause actual coverage area to narrow down, and its downgrade factor is obtained by extraction with wide variety of transmission conditions.

Abstract

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is the third broadcasting technology after traditional Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). DAB can deliver not only high-quality digital audio but also data services for series of terminals. In this paper, the Transpor...Lead moreDigital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is the third broadcasting technology after traditional Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). DAB can deliver not only high-quality digital audio but also data services for series of terminals. In this paper, the Transport Information Service Testing System based on DAB was designed and developed. Under Eureka-147 standards, DAB front-end system was assembled which mainly contained DAB Broadcast Server, Ensemble Provider Controller, Ensemble Multiplexer and DAB Signal Modulator. Multimedia Object Transport (MOT) and Transparent Data Channel (TDC) were chosen as data transmission protocols in the testing system. In the system development, data collection and interfaces with DAB system and the reception end system were mainly focused on. First of all, the data was collected, assembled and coded in the transport information server. The generated information, such as real-time traffic congestion index and road speed map, was then transmitted to the DAB Broadcast Server for coding under surveillance by the Ensemble Provider Controller. The DAB Ensemble Multiplexer transmitted ETI (Ensemble Transport Interface) signals to the DAB Signal Modulator, after combining several data inputs from the Broadcast Server. Finally, the modulator / transmitter broadcasted the signal in laboratory on certain frequency set beforehand. The signal could be received, demodulated and decoded by the testing receiver in the formats of picture, text and video. As demonstrated by experiments, integrated real-time transport information service could be realized by the testing system. The experience of system design, development and operation would do help to real application in future in Beijing.

Abstract

In this paper, the economic aspects of three types of safety-related intelligent transport systems are examined from the perspective of externality and market diffusion of the systems. It is shown that the roadside information-based driving support system (RIBDSS) has an ...Lead moreIn this paper, the economic aspects of three types of safety-related intelligent transport systems are examined from the perspective of externality and market diffusion of the systems. It is shown that the roadside information-based driving support system (RIBDSS) has an external effect on non-users, the inter-vehicle-communication-type driving support system (IVCDSS) has network externality, and the media-free system is an intermediate mechanism combining both features. The economic feature of each system affect device diffusion in different ways. While the equilibrium diffusion rate of RIBDSS remains low, the IVCDSS requires a critical mass for diffusion. It is found that the media-free system will generate a critical mass at a lower diffusion rate with RIBDSS features but has a higher equilibrium diffusion rate with the network externality of IVCDSS. Both properties are found to be affected by the coverage area of the roadside communicator installed. It is also found that the urban structure has a significant impact on user benefit; a sparse urban structure provides greater benefits than a compact one, because the former yields longer distances traveled daily. Although these results are based on simplistic model structures and some arbitrary parameters, these findings suggest some important issues for further study.

Abstract

Currently navigation systems usually calculate routes based on costs from digital map and traffic data, which includes length, speed limit, width, travel time and traffic jam level of roads, etc. However, these methods do not consider driver behaviors, so that the calcula...Lead moreCurrently navigation systems usually calculate routes based on costs from digital map and traffic data, which includes length, speed limit, width, travel time and traffic jam level of roads, etc. However, these methods do not consider driver behaviors, so that the calculated routes are not always satisfying. To solve the problem, we propose a driver behavior analysis method on frequent routes. Frequent routes are the routes along which drivers usually drive between origins and destinations, so they are kind of driver behaviors. The route searching results based on frequent routes can fit to drivers’ preferences more precisely than conventional results.

Abstract

We focused on the video-based image detector systems using tracking techniques which can be handling of the all kind of problems in the real world, such as shadow, occlusion, and vehicle detection by nighttime. Also we have derived the traffic information, volume count, s...Lead moreWe focused on the video-based image detector systems using tracking techniques which can be handling of the all kind of problems in the real world, such as shadow, occlusion, and vehicle detection by nighttime. Also we have derived the traffic information, volume count, speed, and occupancy time, under kaleidoscopic environments. This system were tested under typical outdoor field environments at the Gonjiam test site, this place is managed by Korea Institute of Construction Technology (www.kict.re.kr) for testing performance of the video detection system (VDS). We evaluated the performance of traffic information, volume counts, speed, and occupancy time, with 4 lanes (2 lanes are upstream and the rests are downstream) from the 16th to 18th December, 2008. And the performance of our video-based image detector system is qualified by comparing with laser detector installed on testing place. Consequently it would be more appropriate to establish the verification of the proposed system by comparing to a non VIPS measurement system.

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) starts to play more important roles in alleviate traffic problems. The key issue lies in the collection of traffic information. This information will be fed into traffic analytic. In this regard, camera sensor is the typical sensor ...Lead moreIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) starts to play more important roles in alleviate traffic problems. The key issue lies in the collection of traffic information. This information will be fed into traffic analytic. In this regard, camera sensor is the typical sensor acquiring video signals containing traffic videos. Later on video processing algorithm such as object segmentation is used to detect moving vehicle objects. Robust vehicle segmentation technique is very crucial as the algorithm must handle the changing environments such as lighting condition and shadow, vehicle dimension and traffic conditions. In this paper, we present the improved color-based statistical background subtraction and edge based information technique. Experimental results showed that our proposed algorithm can improve vehicle segmentation accuracy as it can overcome the shadow problem and works well with low contrast images when compared to other well known methods such as the improved color-based statistical background subtraction (6) and the mixture of Gaussian model for background subtraction (4).

Abstract

This paper develops a new theoretical system of Experimental Traffic Engineering Method (ETEM) to provides the theoretical support for studying the complex giant system?transportation system. The necessity of research on ETEM theoretical system is proposed; the developmen...Lead moreThis paper develops a new theoretical system of Experimental Traffic Engineering Method (ETEM) to provides the theoretical support for studying the complex giant system?transportation system. The necessity of research on ETEM theoretical system is proposed; the development course of ETEM is introduced; the concept of ETEM theoretical system is defined; the construction of ETEM theoretical system is also studied and analyzed. Based on above study, the theoretical framework of ETEM is established initially. The establishment of theoretical system is designed to carry out classification research, to emphases the focus of study, and to specify the interrelations of all theories.

Abstract

The paper through the presentation of road transport in recent years, China affected by the bad weather caused by common problems and typical emergencies, bad weather, according to the characteristics of the region, discussed the regional road network for the operation un...Lead moreThe paper through the presentation of road transport in recent years, China affected by the bad weather caused by common problems and typical emergencies, bad weather, according to the characteristics of the region, discussed the regional road network for the operation under adverse weather conditions, dynamic indicators, including indicators content, access to methods and application demonstration; from analyzing the road network topology is controlled according to the level of the different roads, refining emergency control methods; conjunction with the launching of the road and the road network of early warning weather forecasting information service work, on China's highways carried out a number of meteorological services; Finally, the paper elaborated on China's future against adverse weather conditions, the integrated management of the regional road network and emergency disposal of development ideas.

Abstract

The Policy for the Active Management of Freeways provides clear guidance to practitioners in Victoria for the implementation of managed freeway tools, for new and upgraded freeways as well as for retrofitting to existing freeways. The policy takes a practical approach to ...Lead moreThe Policy for the Active Management of Freeways provides clear guidance to practitioners in Victoria for the implementation of managed freeway tools, for new and upgraded freeways as well as for retrofitting to existing freeways. The policy takes a practical approach to achieve a balance between simple guidance and the optimum provision of managed freeway tools and complements the Managed Freeway Guidelines.

Abstract

Crowdsourcing offers possibilities for new revenue models for connected vehicles. Google, Yahoo and social networking companies have demonstrated that meta information has value we did not sufficiently recognize in the past. We need to recognize the potential of Crowdsour...Lead moreCrowdsourcing offers possibilities for new revenue models for connected vehicles. Google, Yahoo and social networking companies have demonstrated that meta information has value we did not sufficiently recognize in the past. We need to recognize the potential of Crowdsourcing around the vehicle and organize stakeholders in a productive way to capitalize on the possibilities that the connected vehicle offers.

Abstract

It is very important to understand roadway safety performance for effective safety management and road improvement. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the following: how a driver recognizes and judges a road environment; how the driver reacts; and how the context ...Lead moreIt is very important to understand roadway safety performance for effective safety management and road improvement. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the following: how a driver recognizes and judges a road environment; how the driver reacts; and how the context causes the driver to error. We assume that traffic accidents are caused by a combination of various factors: geometric design, road signs/symbols, traffic control, and traffic flow. A particular context generated by two or more factors causes a certain type of accident. We evaluated accident factors caused by complex traffic environments by using historical accident data, accident spot survey, and multivariate statistics. Accident analysis sheets document time-series driving behaviors, human errors, and the road environment. The relationship between accidents and the road environment was classified into three stages: low (1), normal (3), and high (5). We performed factor analysis on the accident analysis sheet and extracted factors from the road environment. Five common factors were extracted from the head-on and rear-end collisions. This paper introduces a new concept for estimating safety performance before and after intersections.

Abstract

The up-to-date black box with camera and sensor has the function to record and save moving images. The images and sensor data saved in regular interval whenever an accident happened is used to analysis and distinguish the cause and result of accident. However, if the imag...Lead moreThe up-to-date black box with camera and sensor has the function to record and save moving images. The images and sensor data saved in regular interval whenever an accident happened is used to analysis and distinguish the cause and result of accident. However, if the images and sensor data do not have the exact time information, two data saved by two cars at the same time cannot be used for distinguishing the cause of car accident. That is, the accident status in images can be recognized a wrong status with respect to the different view of analyzers. Sensor data is just the driving record, and is analyzed according to the recorded time between two cars. Also, it is hard to determine the assaulter if the recorded time is not accurate up to the special level. And if the accident happened in the cross road, the time information is very important because it can be used to distinguish who violated the traffic signal at that time. In this paper, it is showed the reason why the recorded time information is important using real data and cases. It will show the tables and graphs to determine the time accuracy for black box.

Abstract

Smart highway project is to build an advanced intelligent highway, which is the service gathering and providing the traffic information, detection and protection of an accident, traffic flow control using seamless position and fast moving images on the highway. One of the...Lead moreSmart highway project is to build an advanced intelligent highway, which is the service gathering and providing the traffic information, detection and protection of an accident, traffic flow control using seamless position and fast moving images on the highway. One of the important elements of this project is the sub-meter accurate position information in real time which can decide the driving lane. To get this information, we have to use the precise GPS/GNSS system, but it is too expensive for general vehicle to use. In this paper, it is suggested new positioning system with low cost, precise and availability to compensate the low-cost GPS/GNSS system. The idea is to use the seamless wireless communication network based on the APs on the highway. If we can receive the WLAN signals from forward AP and backward AP on the road, then we can acquire the distance between forward/backward AP and the car using the measured signals and AP’s location. In addition to this idea, it is suggested to use another RF signals to measure the additional distance for compensating the position errors in horizontal plan. The performance of the suggested position location system is analyzed and evaluated by using current precise GPS/GNSS receiver and is revealed the results using the summarized tables and graphs.

Abstract

iTransport is a discussion paper intended to guide Victoria’s future directions in ITS, an important step in developing transport technology strategy in Victoria, and the first ITS document in Victoria with formal ministerial endorsement. The discussion paper identifies t...Lead moreiTransport is a discussion paper intended to guide Victoria’s future directions in ITS, an important step in developing transport technology strategy in Victoria, and the first ITS document in Victoria with formal ministerial endorsement. The discussion paper identifies the context and role of technology in addressing transport challenges in Victoria, priority areas for action and issues for consideration and discussion. Importantly the discussion paper demonstrates the breadth of ITS and its role as a central response to transport challenges rather than a niche activity.

Abstract

The host centric design of the current Internet does not recognize data and end-users as integral entities of the system. The first generation of Internet has been very successful and yet business, organizations, governments are finding it difficult to enforce their polic...Lead moreThe host centric design of the current Internet does not recognize data and end-users as integral entities of the system. The first generation of Internet has been very successful and yet business, organizations, governments are finding it difficult to enforce their policies on their networks with the same ease that they do other methods of communications and transport. Ad-Hoc solutions e.g. firewalls, NAT, middle boxes etc, that tries to mitigate these issues end up providing localized myopic fixes which often hurt the basic underlying principles of the original design. The current Internet usage is “data centric” as evidenced by the popularity of the peer-to-peer applications. Data centric view abstracts a data requestor from having to know where the data comes from. We envision the future internet to be a dynamic, heterogeneous, secure, energy efficient omnipresent network flexible enough to support innovations and policy enforcements both at the edge and the core. The first step towards the next generation is the redesign of naming and name binding mechanisms. We, therefore, propose a Policy Oriented Network Architecture (PONA) and an abstract two part protocol stack with a virtualization layer in between. PONA provides a generic architecture which allows us to implement data-centric, host-centric, and user-centric Internet architecture. We also introduce the concept of generalized communication end-points ? hosts, users, data/services, instantiate the ideas with the Mapping and Negotiation layer and provide an integrated framework for the next generation Internet. Both new Internets hope to develop new, faster technologies to enhance research and communication.

Abstract

The missing data is an inevitable issue in real world application. The missing data may be caused by many different reasons, for example, measure limitation and lost during the data processing. The missing data can lead to bias and negative effect on the quality of the al...Lead moreThe missing data is an inevitable issue in real world application. The missing data may be caused by many different reasons, for example, measure limitation and lost during the data processing. The missing data can lead to bias and negative effect on the quality of the algorithm performance. Thus, in this paper, the statistical method is used for the analysis of the missing data due to the importance of analysis on missing data. The data of 1st to 30th November in 2007 was collected by microwave detectors installed in the Beijing expressways of the 2nd Ring Road, from the Guangming bridge to the Deshengmen bridge. In this paper, we summarize the distribution of the microwave missing data on spatial and time characteristics, i.e. on the spatial distribution, the missing data is different from each examinational segment at the different traffic lane, and on the time distribution, the distribution of the missing data is also dissimilar in the different time interval of a day. The analysis of spatial distribution character of the missing data can be the foundation of the restructured algorithm.

Abstract

Probe car system is used to provide real-time traffic data for ITS applications. There are many reasons for low accuracy in the traffic data from probe car system. Some of them are external factors, such as raw probe data, digital map or test methodology, and others are s...Lead moreProbe car system is used to provide real-time traffic data for ITS applications. There are many reasons for low accuracy in the traffic data from probe car system. Some of them are external factors, such as raw probe data, digital map or test methodology, and others are system defects. In this paper, we propose an effective method to analyze low-accuracy cases in field test records by group tracking probe cars with similar behaviors. This method has been used to analyze our probe car system in some cities of China, and has contributed to our probe car system enhancement.

Abstract

Heartbeat fluctuation analysis is one of the best methods for detecting drowsiness. It is well known that we can see autonomic nervous system activity from a heartbeat fluctuation spectrum. We focused on High Frequency (HF: higher than 0.15Hz) components related to parasy...Lead moreHeartbeat fluctuation analysis is one of the best methods for detecting drowsiness. It is well known that we can see autonomic nervous system activity from a heartbeat fluctuation spectrum. We focused on High Frequency (HF: higher than 0.15Hz) components related to parasympathetic conditions and proposed two indexes using peak values of HF spectrum components. In a driving simulator experiment, our drowsiness detection system performed at about 80% accuracy compared with the method by NEDO that estimates the drowsiness level from the driver’s facial expression using a person’s subjective judgments. In this paper, we introduce how to automatically set a drowsiness scale which is individually different so as to utilize our method to in actual vehicles.

Abstract

In a long highway tunnel, the driver behavior will be different from place to place due to the different pressure on different section in the tunnel. This paper presents the different car following behavioral thresholds proven by field observed data basing on the psycho-p...Lead moreIn a long highway tunnel, the driver behavior will be different from place to place due to the different pressure on different section in the tunnel. This paper presents the different car following behavioral thresholds proven by field observed data basing on the psycho-physical car-following model. In a long tunnel, the behavior in the entrance section will be more conservative than in the outwards section. During the middle section in a tunnel, the sensitivity of driving behavior against the speed difference from front vehicle will become more slightly. In the entrance section of the tunnel, the driver will make higher reaction to the distance change. The result of the study will be useful for simulating the traffic flow in long tunnel and useful for checking the risk of car following in the tunnel.

Abstract

Percentage of ETC(Electronic Toll Collection System)-equipped vehicles exceed 80% as of Dec. 2009. The ETC service was started in 2001, and the number used has shown rapid increase. The ETC service is becoming more widespread compared with the commencement year, 2001. Var...Lead morePercentage of ETC(Electronic Toll Collection System)-equipped vehicles exceed 80% as of Dec. 2009. The ETC service was started in 2001, and the number used has shown rapid increase. The ETC service is becoming more widespread compared with the commencement year, 2001. Various factors contribute to this rapid increase. Nowadays unmanned and cash-less toll collection at dedicated ETC interchanges, called Smart Interchanges, are placed for drivers’ convenience. To our regret it is inevitable that ‘unusual vehicle’ which have some problems, e.g. failure to insert ETC card into the in-vehicle device or incorrectly inserted ETC card, approach to the ETC lane because of increase of new drivers. In these cases, barriers are not activated and the lane is to be closed for a while. To release closure, an attendant at the toll gate office away from the lane (not at the non-ETC toll gate booth, the same shall apply hereinafter) has to come to the lane. This work is very dangerous for him and takes time. Therefore, remote operation is strongly required. This report consists of explanation and trial result on newly developed gate bar (barrier) for remote operation.

Abstract

Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) is the latest technology in infrastructure investment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) is one of the most potential standards that would yield short- and long-term econo...Lead moreDedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) is the latest technology in infrastructure investment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) is one of the most potential standards that would yield short- and long-term economic benefits. In this paper, we propose a hybrid field-trial system combined with WAVE DSRC and WiMAX technology. Two demonstration scenarios are introduced. One is Congestion Avoidance System and the other is Emergency Alert System. This field-trial system is composed of Onboard unit (OBU) in vehicle, Roadside unit (RSU), Local Traffic Server (LTS) and Global Traffic Server (GTS). All of the communication messages sent from vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or sent from vehicle to road-side unit (V2R) is in WAVE short message protocol (WSMP) format. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) connection is used to send global traffic information from vehicle to infrastructure (V2I).

Abstract

Road charging is not only used for collecting construction and maintenance costs of roads, but also for reducing traffic congestions and the greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, as a more flexible and efficient road charging way, GNSS/CN-based road user charging, taking a ...Lead moreRoad charging is not only used for collecting construction and maintenance costs of roads, but also for reducing traffic congestions and the greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, as a more flexible and efficient road charging way, GNSS/CN-based road user charging, taking a place of DSRC based systems, is attracting a lot of attention. We have been developing GNSS/CN-based road charging system, which utilizes additional sensors and map matching technique in order to compensate for the GNSS measurement errors. Our OBE is smart (thick) client, which estimates vehicle positions and determines charge amounts by itself in order to protect drivers’ privacy and deduct costs in wireless communication with the Central System. In addition to road charging, we propose additional telematics applications by utilizing our GNSS/CN-based system. Our proposed system can get not only more useful but also more cost-effective by additional telematics applications, such as beakdown vehicle warning or stolen car tracking. Field tests have been conducted in the various cities in the world, and the results show our system has a capability of estimating vehicle positions accurately enough for road charging and additional telematics applications even in the urban canyon area where GNSS signals are subjected to have critical multi-path errors due to high-rising buildings.

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are generally complex and naturally difficult for development. Existing ITS architectures such as KAREN or the National ITS architecture can be used to facilitate ITS development. They can mainly describe systems by using data cent...Lead moreIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are generally complex and naturally difficult for development. Existing ITS architectures such as KAREN or the National ITS architecture can be used to facilitate ITS development. They can mainly describe systems by using data centric methodology and data flow models. However, these models are inflexible in some situations and inconvenient in case of various systems interoperability. This paper describes an ITS architecture model with methodology and technique for reducing some problems of existing ITS architectures. Object oriented methodology is outstanding about flexibility while UML model is a powerful conceptual model presenting this methodology. Therefore, this architecture model includes this methodology and provides technique not only for flexibility and interoperability but also for additional benefits such as management, modification and standard enforcement. Moreover, this architecture provides an approach in order to harmonize data flow models from diverse regions. All of these benefits and architecture framework can be completely included in single model which is called UML model. Additionally, this paper manifests software tool, example of this architecture model such as Hazardous Material (HazMat) ITS architecture and application of this architecture which is HazMat transportation route guidance system. This paper introduces benefits of this architecture model for beginning regions or countries where do not have ITS architecture, but not for changing existing architectures.