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Abstract

The vehicle black-box recording data is more reliable data as compared with the typical accident data collection method such as interview. Because the black-box data can provide both video image and various internal sensor data from OBD-II connector, the black-box recordi...Lead moreThe vehicle black-box recording data is more reliable data as compared with the typical accident data collection method such as interview. Because the black-box data can provide both video image and various internal sensor data from OBD-II connector, the black-box recording data are beneficial for the safety studies, especially for the investigation of various influence factors. The objective of this study was to identify motorcycle moving pattern at the moment of the accident, and to find new factors associated to the motorcycle crash severity by analyzing the black-box recording data. As a result, this study conducted the motorcycle crash severity analysis using the black box data. Also, the new independent explanatory variables extracted from the black-box recordings correlate with the motorcycle-pedestrian crash severity.

Abstract

Drivers can get information about the traffic situation of the driving course and determine decisions including course change using the information providing media. However, not all traffic information providing media have the same satisfaction and credibility on the same...Lead moreDrivers can get information about the traffic situation of the driving course and determine decisions including course change using the information providing media. However, not all traffic information providing media have the same satisfaction and credibility on the same information, and the adaptation rate for the provided information may vary by the information providing media. On the other hand, the drivers’ response may be different depending on the driving conditions including personal characteristics, remaining travel time and distance and traffic condition even after obtaining the same information. This study aimed to identify the preference characteristics to the traffic information providing media including the VMS, Radio, App, SNS, Navigation and Internet, which is used for decision making of the drivers, depending on the driving conditions, preference to traffic information and personal characteristics. It intended to develop the SEM (Structural Equation modeling) based on the preference characteristics to traffic information and traffic control situation by conducting a survey on the expressway drivers for an analysis. Based on the survey, the study aimed to figure out the influences of personal attributes and preference to traffic information on the preference to traffic information providing media.

Abstract

This study focuses about ETC2.0 Probe-Data in Japan. In the serious traffic jam section, it is important to know about velocity drop trigger factor in detailed time and spatial resolution of current driving environments. We utilize this Vehicle to Infrastructure secondary...Lead moreThis study focuses about ETC2.0 Probe-Data in Japan. In the serious traffic jam section, it is important to know about velocity drop trigger factor in detailed time and spatial resolution of current driving environments. We utilize this Vehicle to Infrastructure secondary suitable data and approach the more detailed mechanisms about slowdowns/congestion triggers. Final goals are analysing current LoS, and managing the traffic demand in peak situation from this study results. We also consider the online usage of ETC2.0 probe-data for preventing from further congestion on serious traffic jam.

Abstract

A MLFF system is designed which consists of RSU, lasers scanners, cameras and controller. The laser scanners detect and position all the vehicles in the tolling zone, and trigger the corresponding camera and identify license plate. Data chain I is built for each vehicle a...Lead moreA MLFF system is designed which consists of RSU, lasers scanners, cameras and controller. The laser scanners detect and position all the vehicles in the tolling zone, and trigger the corresponding camera and identify license plate. Data chain I is built for each vehicle according to the passing time, coordinate and license plate. The RSU consists of phased a array antenna which can achieve communication with multi OBU, and position OBU during information interaction. Consequently, data chain II of each vehicle with OBU is built based on the communication information and location of OBU. By matching each data chain II and data chain I, it is easy to generate charging data for urban traffic congestion management. The MLFF system is implemented and commissioned in Beijing, which shows a very high transaction success rate, recognition accuracy and capture ratio of vehicle.

Abstract

Recent enhancements to the SCATS traffic management system have provided sophisticated reporting of customer and service performance from traffic signal operations. This facility is termed the SCATS Strategic performance (SP) framework, which is part of the developing Tra...Lead moreRecent enhancements to the SCATS traffic management system have provided sophisticated reporting of customer and service performance from traffic signal operations. This facility is termed the SCATS Strategic performance (SP) framework, which is part of the developing Traffic Intersection Market (TIM) innovations. The TIM applies economic design principles to recasts SCATS service as a competitive market that considers the trade of customers’ time costs between conflicting movements. SP articulates the economics of this trade to inform on the physical travel and economic performance of each measured travelling vehicle or pedestrian, in each instrumented lane or movement, during each traffic signal service. This performance information is also reported from the perspective of the traffic signal service. Customer performance is reported for each measured customer individually considering the servicing cycle(s) consumed by each customer. Service performance is reported for each servicing cycle aggregated across the consuming customers within the cycle period. The reporting is supported by a sophisticated mathematical microscopic traffic model solved using a linear program solver. We concisely explain the SP framework and provide insight into its role in TIM. We explain how SP and TIM future proof SCATS for the near future of the (so-called) cooperative-intelligent transport system (C-ITS).

Abstract

This study was initiated to find a way to maximize efficiency of existing transportation infrastructure and facilities. Traffic flow in cities is related to various traffic patterns as particular groups of fleets are formed in different times, and it seems necessary to de...Lead moreThis study was initiated to find a way to maximize efficiency of existing transportation infrastructure and facilities. Traffic flow in cities is related to various traffic patterns as particular groups of fleets are formed in different times, and it seems necessary to design a signal operation system for different situations. A traffic signal control system was studied as part of improving efficiency of traffic management in a network level. The traffic control system was designed to enable fluid signal time plans based on classified situational traffic patterns and corresponding signal plans. The traffic patterns were established based on a short-term traffic prognosis data as well as traffic demand model for the subject study area, and classified into five traffic situations such as inactive flow, normal flow, crowded flow-entering the city, crowded flow-in the city, and incident situation flow. Local optimizations were performed for the critical intersections to calculate the optimal cycle lengths and phase plans. By performing network optimization and synchronization of the road networks, frame signal timing plans were created for the aforementioned five traffic situations. The developed signal converting program determines the frame signals based on detector data and existing maintenance time conditions.

Abstract

As the next major innovation in road operation by way of connected autonomous vehicles is on the horizon it will introduce the largest dynamic shift in the global road operations industry. Road network management will become an inversion from the current focus of managing...Lead moreAs the next major innovation in road operation by way of connected autonomous vehicles is on the horizon it will introduce the largest dynamic shift in the global road operations industry. Road network management will become an inversion from the current focus of managing human behavior of the motorist to the management of technology that is providing real time feedback and sharing the responsibility with road operators for the safety and efficiency of moving people and goods. This paper will explore how road operators can prepare for the coming revolution by leveraging the existing significant infrastructure deployed as a part of current management motorways and urban road environment and then accelerate the penetration of the on board technology required in vehicles to realise the complete benefits - managing the road network capacity efficiently.

Abstract

In the near future, Tokyo metropolitan region will be covered by urban expressway network with three ring roads and radial roads. The connectivity produced by networked expressways will provide many route choice options for many OD patterns and the needs for effective and...Lead moreIn the near future, Tokyo metropolitan region will be covered by urban expressway network with three ring roads and radial roads. The connectivity produced by networked expressways will provide many route choice options for many OD patterns and the needs for effective and real time dynamic traffic management become much more important. In addition, the significance to complete rings exists in the function to guide commercials trucks to ring roads rather than radial and through traffic. For the development of the advanced function of such effective and dynamic traffic management scheme, the existing model "SOUND" [Horiguchi, et. al. 2015] is modified to accommodate commercial track typical behavior based on the analysis of real behavior of commercial trucks. The model framework to estimate OD demands of commercial trucks based on land use model which is also affected by network traffic operation efficiency is proposed and established.

Abstract

This paper describes the vehicular localization using traffic sign information and GNSS. Conventional GNSS uses information of four satellites. The proposed localization uses information of less than three satellites and alternate traffic signs. The proposed scheme can im...Lead moreThis paper describes the vehicular localization using traffic sign information and GNSS. Conventional GNSS uses information of four satellites. The proposed localization uses information of less than three satellites and alternate traffic signs. The proposed scheme can improve the accuracy of localization against the conventional GNSS in urban canyon.

Abstract

Wireless charging technology for heavy-duty vehicles, such as electric buses, has been actively investigated with a view to accelerating deployment of eco-friendly transportation. But, there are several concerns regarding conventional wireless charging systems, such as th...Lead moreWireless charging technology for heavy-duty vehicles, such as electric buses, has been actively investigated with a view to accelerating deployment of eco-friendly transportation. But, there are several concerns regarding conventional wireless charging systems, such as the need of good alignment of transmit charging pad in the parking space and on-board receive charging pad, an additional bulky mechanism to lower the on-board charging pad, and the operating frequency band such as 20 kHz which is unclear on coexistence with other radio systems. We present a new wireless power transfer system for 44 kW rapid charging of electric buses using the 85 kHz band, which was chosen as the common frequency band for wireless charger for light-duty vehicles by SAE International. The maximum misalignment tolerance of transmit and receive charging pads was ±10 cm or more. The transmission distance between transmit and receive charging pads was 10.5 cm or more, which can be easily provided by the ordinary kneeling function equipped on most low-floor buses. The final paper will present an ongoing field test of emulated bus operation on public roads using an actual electric bus.

Abstract

Almost 15 years has passed since the beginning of the ETC (Electric Toll collection System) service for general use, on 1 July 2015, the setup service for ETC2.0 which provides new ETC services for users has begun. New services with ETC2.0 are provided using the probe dat...Lead moreAlmost 15 years has passed since the beginning of the ETC (Electric Toll collection System) service for general use, on 1 July 2015, the setup service for ETC2.0 which provides new ETC services for users has begun. New services with ETC2.0 are provided using the probe data collected from vehicles with ETC2.0 OBE (on-board equipment) or ETC2.0 car navigation systems. To make that big data validly usable, however, there should be more than a certain amount of ETC2.0 users and data. In other words, wider use of ETC2.0 could be one of the key to a full-scale use of the big data in good quality. To see the issues of ETC2.0 from the angle of promoting wider use, examining present status of ETC2.0, here we look back the promotion for wider use of original ETC (hereinafter referred to as “orig. ETC”). This observation suggests that in promoting wider use of ETC2.0 there are two issues to consider, the initial costs and the motivation to use, and the same attempts we’ve been making in promoting wider use of orig. ETC could solve the situation as well. In addition to it, ETC for two-wheeled vehicles couldn’t be ignored.

Abstract

Nagasaki LRT navigation Promotion Council provides DOKONE system for serving the position information of LRV to user's mobile phone. This system opened service to the public on October 7, 2011, and keeps evolving every year. It began to offer the position information of t...Lead moreNagasaki LRT navigation Promotion Council provides DOKONE system for serving the position information of LRV to user's mobile phone. This system opened service to the public on October 7, 2011, and keeps evolving every year. It began to offer the position information of the share taxi in the autumn of 2014. And, the operation of iBeacon has been started at same year. After 2014, we have received support from SCOPE (Strategic Information and Communications R&D Promotion Programme), promoted by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. We report on the current state and the future of DOKONE.

Abstract

Abstract: With respect to the increasing parking difficulty in much Chinese urban area and the inadequacy of traditional parking systems, this article introduces the Bluetooth technology into the intelligent parking system design. After survey of some common techniques in...Lead moreAbstract: With respect to the increasing parking difficulty in much Chinese urban area and the inadequacy of traditional parking systems, this article introduces the Bluetooth technology into the intelligent parking system design. After survey of some common techniques in the current parking system, the authors propose an intelligent indoor parking system design based on the Bluetooth technology. The proposed intelligent parking solution provides functions including parking guidance, vehicle positioning, automatic fee collection and intelligent analysis. A pilot parking platform is developed with the Bluetooth based intelligent parking. The pilot system has been proved to be quite effective in help drivers finding vacant parking lot, locating the parked vehicle when needed, and optimizing the limited parking space usage. As such, it helps to relieve the urban parking difficulties.

Abstract

The usage of non-motorized transportation declined over the past decades in Asian cities and environmental as well as health conditions worsened in many cities. Actions to promote cycling were introduced by individual cities but with little success. This research intends ...Lead moreThe usage of non-motorized transportation declined over the past decades in Asian cities and environmental as well as health conditions worsened in many cities. Actions to promote cycling were introduced by individual cities but with little success. This research intends to explore the current situation for bicyclists in major Asian cities by developing a new assessment tool. A comparison of cities across countries can foster collective knowledge about efficient cycling policies.

Abstract

Satellite Based Augmentation Services (SBAS) provide, via satellite signals, correction information that help improves positioning accuracy of GNSS receivers. Currently, fully operational SBAS are available only in developed countries such as USA, EU, Russia, and Japan. H...Lead moreSatellite Based Augmentation Services (SBAS) provide, via satellite signals, correction information that help improves positioning accuracy of GNSS receivers. Currently, fully operational SBAS are available only in developed countries such as USA, EU, Russia, and Japan. However, despite degraded performance, the correction information and signals from the operational SBAS may still be useful for countries beyond the SBAS main service areas such as South-East Asia which is geographically located among the operational SBAS. To raise the awareness of SBAS benefits in the South-East Asia, this paper aims at presenting an empirical exploration of SBAS utilization in the region. The results show that, compared to a common GNSS embedded in smart phone, SBAS is able to improve the static positioning accuracy from 9.19 meters to 2.02 meters (at circular error probable 95%). Regarding vehicle tracking, the results show a capability to identify traffic lane and U-turn of a metro bus. In urban canyons, deviations of positions from multi-GNSS are lower than those from single GNSS constellation with SBAS.

Abstract

The mobility of a signalized intersection depends on the degree of the maximization of capacity with minimizing the conflicts between through and turning vehicles at the approaches and within the intersection. So far, diverse efforts, including channelization, grade separ...Lead moreThe mobility of a signalized intersection depends on the degree of the maximization of capacity with minimizing the conflicts between through and turning vehicles at the approaches and within the intersection. So far, diverse efforts, including channelization, grade separation, re-timing, advanced signal control systems, have been conducted in order to improve the efficiency of traffic operations at signalized intersections. However, the modern society has still suffered from chronic congestion at signalized networks all over the world. Due to the dramatic enhancement of technologies related with vehicles, communication and infrastructure, the real-time trajectories as well as locations of driving vehicles will be collected using a V2X communication environment in the near future. Thus, there have been increased interests in utilizing the real-time vehicular trajectory data for the signal control. This study is initialed to develop a real-time optimal signal control algorithm for a coordinated signalized intersection using the trajectory data.

Abstract

In the oversaturated network, the queues formed in the downstream link spill over into the adjacent intersections and eventually block a significant portion of a network. In order to postpone spill-over, the authors recently developed the queue growth equalization (QGE) m...Lead moreIn the oversaturated network, the queues formed in the downstream link spill over into the adjacent intersections and eventually block a significant portion of a network. In order to postpone spill-over, the authors recently developed the queue growth equalization (QGE) method that can equalize queue growth rates across the links at the network level. This paper proposes the modified QGE method in order to optimize traffic signal timings and cycle lengths for the real-world network, considering pedestrian crossings and a complicated geometry. Based on the collected traffic data, the proposed method determines the optimized green times and cycles. The traffic simulation results validate that the optimized signal setting substantially outperform the current signal setting in all performance measures.

Abstract

Automation of vehicles can be expected to improve safety, comfort and efficiency, and is being developed in various countries. Introduction of automated driving can be ranked from 0 to 5 (0: no automation, 1: driver assistance, 2: partial automation, 3: conditional automa...Lead moreAutomation of vehicles can be expected to improve safety, comfort and efficiency, and is being developed in various countries. Introduction of automated driving can be ranked from 0 to 5 (0: no automation, 1: driver assistance, 2: partial automation, 3: conditional automation, 4: high automation, 5: full automation). Currently, feasible automation levels are considered to be levels 2 or 3, and human manual take-over from the automated system is needed when the automated system exceeds these levels. In this situation, time required for take-over is an important issue. This study focuses on describing driving simulator experimental results of time required for take-over. The experimental scenario is that the automated system finds an object ahead during automated driving on the highway, and issues a take-over request to the driver. The subject driver can be in the following driver situations: hands-on or hands-off the steering, and strong or weak distractions. In these situations, we examine two kinds of take-over time, which are 7 and 5 seconds. The results show all subjects complete take-over actions properly even if the required time is 5 seconds. In this paper, details of these results are described.

Abstract

A study was conducted to develop a human machine interface (HMI) system to promote users’ understanding of the function of a driver assistance system. We designed an HMI system giving voice guidance to inform the details about a caution needed object, which a blind spot d...Lead moreA study was conducted to develop a human machine interface (HMI) system to promote users’ understanding of the function of a driver assistance system. We designed an HMI system giving voice guidance to inform the details about a caution needed object, which a blind spot detection system (BSDS) detected. In order to verify the effect of the HMI system, we performed an experiment using a driving simulator (DS) and also carried out a questionnaire investigation and an interview after the experiment. The results of the questionnaire investigation and the interview show that the subjects tended to feel more stable and more trusting in BSDS, with the HMI system. It is also shown that with the HMI system, the motivation of the subjects was enhanced for careful driving. The experimental results also show that there was no unsafe change in driving behaviors with the HMI system.

Abstract

In this paper multi-output traffic axle sensor is suggested as an effective way of overcoming the limit of the single-output traffic axle sensor. The prototypes of the multi-output axle sensor were designed and manufactured and their performance levels were tested. This p...Lead moreIn this paper multi-output traffic axle sensor is suggested as an effective way of overcoming the limit of the single-output traffic axle sensor. The prototypes of the multi-output axle sensor were designed and manufactured and their performance levels were tested. This paper consists of the following contents: - Investigation and analysis of the core sensing material for axle sensor - Design of sensor packaging and manufacturing of prototype sensor - Design of test method for the performance level of prototype axle sensor - Results of the performance level of prototype axle sensor It was found that the sensing sensitivity of axle sensor was largely affected by the compression strength of rolling and the sensing uniformity is closely related to the extruding time of rolling. The prototype sensors manufactured in this study showed the excellent sensing sensitivity and signal reproducibility, and the excellent linearity of signal strength by the loading size as well. Therefore, they could be used for measuring the axle weight of vehicle. When the axle sensor had more than two outputs, the signal strength of each output did not show good linearity due to the interference between core sensing materials.

Abstract

In this paper, with regards to the project to develop Cooperative VehicleInfrastructure System, research and study plan will be outlined with evaluation scenario, items and methodology for functional assessment for LDM (Local Dynamic Map) platform, traffic information col...Lead moreIn this paper, with regards to the project to develop Cooperative VehicleInfrastructure System, research and study plan will be outlined with evaluation scenario, items and methodology for functional assessment for LDM (Local Dynamic Map) platform, traffic information collection technology (radar), V2X communication and location determination technology.

Abstract

We have been developing a safe-driving assistance system (Fig. 2) for potentially dangerous situations and describe the details of that system in this paper. Although in recent years, vehicles equipped with advanced driving assistance systems have become quite common, the...Lead moreWe have been developing a safe-driving assistance system (Fig. 2) for potentially dangerous situations and describe the details of that system in this paper. Although in recent years, vehicles equipped with advanced driving assistance systems have become quite common, there are still expectations regarding safe-driving assistance technology for potentially dangerous situations as a means to further decrease the amount of traffic accidents. In order to develop a driving assistance system that “guides the driver to safety based on the results of predicting situations that could possibly occur in the future”, we first worked on the development of the “calculation of a driving action plan” for actions that must be performed by the driver, and the means for the “judgment of necessity of driving assistance and determination of the contents of such assistance” for the driver, and through this we have now been able to ascertain the possibility of realizing the “calculation of a driving route plan”.

Abstract

This paper discusses a DS/SS-IVC (Direct Sequence/Spreads Spectrum-Inter Vehicle Communication) scheme based on location oriented PN code allocation scheme. Performance improving scheme using the Hadamard code as a spreading code of DS/SS scheme is proposed instead of Gol...Lead moreThis paper discusses a DS/SS-IVC (Direct Sequence/Spreads Spectrum-Inter Vehicle Communication) scheme based on location oriented PN code allocation scheme. Performance improving scheme using the Hadamard code as a spreading code of DS/SS scheme is proposed instead of Gold sequence. The packet error rate is evaluated to compare the performance of IVC system in expressway. As the result, proposed scheme can improve communication performance. In this paper, the influence of GPS positioning error is also evaluated.

Abstract

The navigation system in large parking areas is widely studied. It is possible to reduce migration time of vehicles by using parking navigation system in crowded parking. On the other hand, vacant spaces and navigating vehicles are connected and managed by wireless commun...Lead moreThe navigation system in large parking areas is widely studied. It is possible to reduce migration time of vehicles by using parking navigation system in crowded parking. On the other hand, vacant spaces and navigating vehicles are connected and managed by wireless communication. However, delay of navigation is concerned because a lot of terminals are connected in large parking. In this paper, constructing a ZigBee Network in large parking areas among parking areas and vehicles is proposed. In addition, available packet size and packet collision rate are evaluated.

Abstract

We estimated using probe data informed recovering path, since the method of map matching, route searching function, multiple reproduction path to use from a plurality of candidates. We are going to show algorism of making basic data . Point data is divided length and angl...Lead moreWe estimated using probe data informed recovering path, since the method of map matching, route searching function, multiple reproduction path to use from a plurality of candidates. We are going to show algorism of making basic data . Point data is divided length and angle, and using method of variable length coding. The input value of the frequency deviation is thickening; we can archive more and more predicting data.

Abstract

Road sign classification is one of the important tasks in ITS, especially for autonomous car and driver assistance system. In this paper, we present our Japan road sign classification system using cascade convolutional neural network (CNN). We design our cascade CNN class...Lead moreRoad sign classification is one of the important tasks in ITS, especially for autonomous car and driver assistance system. In this paper, we present our Japan road sign classification system using cascade convolutional neural network (CNN). We design our cascade CNN classifier based on the appearance and colour features of the road signs. The classifier consists of six stages and it has 10 different output class. We use Network-in-Network (NiN) CNN architecture for each stage in our cascade CNN. To choose the best accuracy and time execution, our system is tested using several different input resolutions. Likely, smaller input resolution may vanish some spatial features, like colour distribution or shape, that may affect the classifier, but as a trade-off, smaller input resolution may have better execution time. As results, the accuracy of our system is above 90% in all tests and the best accuracy is achieved using 64x64 input resolution.

Abstract

This study describes an application of the mesh-wised traffic information “Traffic Scope” for nationwide road network. Traffic Scope calculates mainly two indicators of the fluidity and the singularity of road traffic based on Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram using floatin...Lead moreThis study describes an application of the mesh-wised traffic information “Traffic Scope” for nationwide road network. Traffic Scope calculates mainly two indicators of the fluidity and the singularity of road traffic based on Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram using floating car data. The on-line demonstration of Traffic Scope for the area of 23 wards of Tokyo has been operated for several years. For the next step, we are developing the new system to provide Traffic Scope of nationwide road network in Japan. However, some technical issues to be tackled for large scale area are found from the analysis of floating car data. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Traffic Scope and describe the issues to apply nationwide floating car data to Traffic Scope, showing some examples of anomaly detecting in road traffic such as the analysis result on the day of heavy snow.

Abstract

Recently, not only single-mode information but also multi-modal information become available. However travelers don’t believe the current pre-trip or en-route information perfectly and feel uncertain whether their choice were good or not. This study explored the value of ...Lead moreRecently, not only single-mode information but also multi-modal information become available. However travelers don’t believe the current pre-trip or en-route information perfectly and feel uncertain whether their choice were good or not. This study explored the value of multi-modal information after arriving at a destination (post-trip information). As a results of the field traveling experiment, degree of satisfaction, WTP (Willingness-To-Pay) and impact on further mode choice by post-trip multi-modal information were revealed.

Abstract

Video Surveillance for traffic monitoring brings a lot of advantage for people and it makes the transportation becomes safer. Therefore, a highly reliable network for video transmission is very important. Most CCTV surveillance networks use a star or daisy-chain topology ...Lead moreVideo Surveillance for traffic monitoring brings a lot of advantage for people and it makes the transportation becomes safer. Therefore, a highly reliable network for video transmission is very important. Most CCTV surveillance networks use a star or daisy-chain topology to connect and expand the number of IP cameras connected to the network. However, for mission-critical surveillance applications, such as in transportation, ring redundancy protocols are commonly used to enhance network availability. If your CCTV system uses multicast transmission over a redundant ring, then even if your ring redundancy protocol is able to quickly activate backup paths, it could still take more than 2 minutes for your multicast video streams to recover. To solve this issue and ensure nonstop video transmission, Moxa has developed a redundancy protocol, V-ON (Video Always-On), which ensures that your data stream transmission can recover in less than 50 ms for layer 2 networks and in less than 300 ms for layer 3 networks. The white paper also provides test data that compares the video stream recovery time after media failure and mode failure, with and without V-ON activated.

Abstract

With transportation becoming more and more connected, TomTom has the opportunity to utilise very large volumes of live probe data to create smarter cities for transportation Large urban areas are becoming more congested as we get more densification of our cities as a resu...Lead moreWith transportation becoming more and more connected, TomTom has the opportunity to utilise very large volumes of live probe data to create smarter cities for transportation Large urban areas are becoming more congested as we get more densification of our cities as a result of urban planning polices to control urban sprawl. It is well recognised that the answer of decreasing congestion is not in building more roads but to build smarter networks and cars. To deliver on this requires smarter data to understand what is happening live, and to combine this with information on the last hour, the last 24 hours and to be able to review previous days/months at the same time to determine trends, patterns and influences so that the appropriate decisions can be taken. Having a database of over 13 trillion probe points that is growing rapidly and with more connected vehicles being added daily, TomTom engineers are developing a dynamic platform for city planners and transport engineers to be able to view that provides a snapshot of what is happening in real time combined with historical and trending information.

Abstract

Approximately 60% of congestion on Japanese intercity expressways occurs at sag sections, and measures to prevent sag-induced congestion are considered an important topic for all countries. Focusing on variation in vehicle spacing as one cause of congestion, NILIM studied...Lead moreApproximately 60% of congestion on Japanese intercity expressways occurs at sag sections, and measures to prevent sag-induced congestion are considered an important topic for all countries. Focusing on variation in vehicle spacing as one cause of congestion, NILIM studied how to use ACC to maintain vehicle spacing regardless of drivers. Contrary to expectations, it was found that this can increase congestion. This paper presents the details of those findings and proposes some improvements to ACC.

Abstract

The effect of displaying the traffic signs inside the cabin on the driver is examined through the experiments using the driving simulator. Two types of the sign are proposed; one is the static type displaying the sing as it is, the other is the dynamic type showing the in...Lead moreThe effect of displaying the traffic signs inside the cabin on the driver is examined through the experiments using the driving simulator. Two types of the sign are proposed; one is the static type displaying the sing as it is, the other is the dynamic type showing the information considering the travelling speed. The dynamic type reduced the speed excess and times to see the speedometer.

Abstract

This paper proposes a strategy with simple calculation for real-time traffic signal control only using probe vehicle data. In each phase, the strategy firstly calculates the green time needed to clear the vehicles already in queue through queue length estimation. Then the...Lead moreThis paper proposes a strategy with simple calculation for real-time traffic signal control only using probe vehicle data. In each phase, the strategy firstly calculates the green time needed to clear the vehicles already in queue through queue length estimation. Then the green time to be extended for the approaching vehicles can be calculated by checking distances between vehicles. If one distance exceeds the preset threshold, only the preceding vehicles are allowed to pass. Minimum and maximum green time are also considered. Numerical experiments show that the control strategy of this paper can result in less delay time than both the fixed time strategy and the fully actuated strategy as long as an optimal distance threshold is chosen. Impacts of penetration rates are also analyzed and it is found that penetration rate at least of 30% can achieve ideal performance.

Abstract

In order to support expressway patrol management, a system was developed to determine the location of each expressway patrol car in real time, also aiming to improve the accuracy of patrol record data of patrol car through the acquisition of vehicle ECU data in addition t...Lead moreIn order to support expressway patrol management, a system was developed to determine the location of each expressway patrol car in real time, also aiming to improve the accuracy of patrol record data of patrol car through the acquisition of vehicle ECU data in addition to GPS data. In the development of the system, first of all a test operation of a system using a tablet devices was carried out to pick out and organize the challenges needing to be addressed, after which a new device able to deal with these challenges was developed and put into use. Further, the acquisition of vehicle ECU data (acceleration, vehicle speed, fuel consumption, engine rpm, etc.) not only supplements the location information but also makes it possible to analyse the cause-and-effect relationship between vehicle behaviour and CO2 emissions, and we will set forth the possibilities for future expansion based on the system.

Abstract

Air pollution in the traffic environment is gaining much stronger attentions nowadays from both traveller health and traffic sustainability perspectives. The travellers lack understanding of their exposures to air pollution and the means to reduce them such as mobility, v...Lead moreAir pollution in the traffic environment is gaining much stronger attentions nowadays from both traveller health and traffic sustainability perspectives. The travellers lack understanding of their exposures to air pollution and the means to reduce them such as mobility, vehicle usage and maintenance behaviour change actions taken by vehicle drivers. In this paper, we introduce an intelligent in-vehicle air quality management solution that includes an air quality sensors’ device put into the vehicle measuring the air quality in real-time, a mobile application provided to the travellers advising their air pollution exposure situations and the actions they could take, a Cloud based Internet of Things platform collecting, managing and analysing the sensing data together with the other contextual information such as weather, traffic, road structure. Cognitive analytics models applied to these data enable the discovery of the correlation patterns between in-vehicle air pollution and many other factors, and then advise vehicle drivers to change behaviours such as departure time and route selection, vehicle window and air condition system configurations, and vehicle maintenance activities. Test drive result is also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this solution for drivers to reduce their air pollution exposures in traffic.

Abstract

This paper reports on prototype development of wireless power transfer system which is used for powering low power sensor devices attached on a bicycle. The system is built-in as a part of training system for track cycling or road bicycle racing. Firstly the overall bicyc...Lead moreThis paper reports on prototype development of wireless power transfer system which is used for powering low power sensor devices attached on a bicycle. The system is built-in as a part of training system for track cycling or road bicycle racing. Firstly the overall bicycle training system is described with its use case, and secondly the wireless power transfer system is proposed and described how it is built and used in the training system.

Abstract

In this paper, we focus on the visible light communication (VLC) for ITS application using LED light source as a transmitter and high-speed image sensor as a receiver (image sensor communication: ISC). In ISC, the data reception is performed by extracting luminance corres...Lead moreIn this paper, we focus on the visible light communication (VLC) for ITS application using LED light source as a transmitter and high-speed image sensor as a receiver (image sensor communication: ISC). In ISC, the data reception is performed by extracting luminance corresponding to the transmitter from captured images. However, since either transmitter, receiver, or both moves with vehicles, the transmitter position is moved between frames and it confuses receiver to select the correct pixels. Hence, we treat such movement referred to as optical flow as channel fluctuation. In our previous work, we proposed a model that expressed motion of transmitter in captured images by using a single pinhole camera. In this paper, we derive channel fluctuation characteristic by numerical analysis based on the proposed model and evaluate its validity by comparing with channel fluctuation characteristic obtained by actual measurement.

Abstract

In recent years, social interest in the entry of persons to an expressway has been growing. Traffic safety at Tamagawa IC on the Daisan-Keihin Expressway has become a big problem. At this IC, bicycles and pedestrians that are not allowed to pass frequently enter this conn...Lead moreIn recent years, social interest in the entry of persons to an expressway has been growing. Traffic safety at Tamagawa IC on the Daisan-Keihin Expressway has become a big problem. At this IC, bicycles and pedestrians that are not allowed to pass frequently enter this connecting facility, because it joins up with the expressway short of the toll gate. In order to solve these problems, we took the following countermeasures: We installed a rubber pole to prevent entry, and put a road mark at the entrance ramp of Tamagawa IC to prevent entry. In addition, we established an entry detection system comprising a combination of a spinning lamp with an alarm sound linked to sensing by an infrared camera and an attention attracting sign as additional countermeasures against persons entering. This paper will report the details and the effect of this entry detection system.

Abstract

To address the traffic congestion of urban roads, a novel dynamic evaluation model is proposed according to the correspondence between the antibody concentration and intrusion intensity of antigen in human immune system. Antigen, antibody, antibody concentration and some ...Lead moreTo address the traffic congestion of urban roads, a novel dynamic evaluation model is proposed according to the correspondence between the antibody concentration and intrusion intensity of antigen in human immune system. Antigen, antibody, antibody concentration and some other immune concepts are first defined. Then immune mechanisms of antigen presentation, clonal expansion, immune homeostasis and immune suppression are implemented respectively. Based on the computation of antibody concentration, a dynamic evaluation model for traffic congestion of urban roads is built. The experimental results show that it is a new valid solution to evaluate the traffic congestion of urban roads.

Abstract

Lowering of so-called “rat-run” traffic on community streets has been one of significant challenges for improving the living environment of neighbourhood. However, it has been difficult to quantitatively grasp the actual situation of rat-run traffic only by the traditiona...Lead moreLowering of so-called “rat-run” traffic on community streets has been one of significant challenges for improving the living environment of neighbourhood. However, it has been difficult to quantitatively grasp the actual situation of rat-run traffic only by the traditional surveys such as an observation. Therefore, this study develops an extraction method of rat-run traffic using floating car data. In addition, based on the extracted rat-run traffic in Toyohashi, Aichi Japan, we try to analyze the actual situation such as rat-run use rate and travel time differences between using the rat-run and using the surrounding arterial roads as a case study. This makes it possible to perform various analyses of rat-run traffic in the entire region.