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Abstract

To solve the problem of air traffic management technical support system(ATMTSS) suffering unexpected events frequently, an efficiency evaluation model of air traffic management technical support subsystem are established by using ADC (availability, dependability, capabili...Lead moreTo solve the problem of air traffic management technical support system(ATMTSS) suffering unexpected events frequently, an efficiency evaluation model of air traffic management technical support subsystem are established by using ADC (availability, dependability, capability) mode and the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) to evaluate the effect of the comprehensive evaluation system. Taking ATCSS in Chengdu area as an example, the evaluation results confirmed that the effectiveness evaluation value of this area was 0.974. The effectiveness evaluation of the reliability of the fusion device could basically reflect the actual running conditions of air traffic management technical support. The built model was reliable. This method provided a reference for the subsequent business planning of the air traffic management technical support system.

Abstract

Future self-driving vehicles are said to be slowed down in urban traffic by rather conservative reactions when encountering pedestrians. They lack negotiation abilities. In a recent article, we introduced a vehicle-pedestrian negotiation framework that demonstrated benefi...Lead moreFuture self-driving vehicles are said to be slowed down in urban traffic by rather conservative reactions when encountering pedestrians. They lack negotiation abilities. In a recent article, we introduced a vehicle-pedestrian negotiation framework that demonstrated benefits in terms of throughput for both parties. In the present paper we show that this negotiation concept scales to multiple pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with multiple concurrent conflicting intentions. As expected the simulation results show increased vehicle waiting times compared to two-party negotiations. But these times are still significantly, in some cases even dramatically reduced compared to the conservative model of reaction rather than negotiation.

Abstract

Malaysia is fortunate to have had a steady growth of tolled road network across the country. With existing toll road network of 2000 kilometres and more than 300 kilometres in construction operated by various concessions, Malaysia has the second highest number of concessi...Lead moreMalaysia is fortunate to have had a steady growth of tolled road network across the country. With existing toll road network of 2000 kilometres and more than 300 kilometres in construction operated by various concessions, Malaysia has the second highest number of concessionaires in ASEAN after Indonesia. It has been more than 50 years since Malaysia had its first toll road with various toll road payment methods introduced along the journey. The method of toll payment keeps innovating parallel with the advancement of technology and financial trend. This modernization benefits not only the road users but also the concessionaires and the government.

Abstract

On the future highway in Japan, we assume that the multi-lane free flow ETC system will be used for billing toll roads. In order to accurately collect call charges, it is necessary to have a technology for identifying the type of vehicles traveling in parallel at the same...Lead moreOn the future highway in Japan, we assume that the multi-lane free flow ETC system will be used for billing toll roads. In order to accurately collect call charges, it is necessary to have a technology for identifying the type of vehicles traveling in parallel at the same time. In this fiscal year we will examine how much measurement accuracy deteriorates with respect to bad weather of rain and snow, and whether the accuracy can be improved by correction.

Abstract

A cooperative system of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar and an inter-vehicle communication (IVC) scheme was proposed in a previous study. However, in this system, when the time synchronization is not accurate, the ranging cannot be well performed. To solve this problem, a syst...Lead moreA cooperative system of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar and an inter-vehicle communication (IVC) scheme was proposed in a previous study. However, in this system, when the time synchronization is not accurate, the ranging cannot be well performed. To solve this problem, a system that realizes time synchronization between the transmitter and the receiver by using the two-way ranging (TWR) method is proposed in this paper. This scheme is evaluated by computer simulations in an environment where the number of interference vehicles is increased. However, the reception characteristics decrease when the number of interference vehicles increases. In order to reduce the interference from other vehicles, a repetitive detection scheme using a successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique is adopted. As a result, good reception characteristics are maintained even when there are seven interference vehicles.

Abstract

In response to the worldwide movement toward the prevention of global warming and toward the increasing of introduction of electric vehicles in recent years, this paper describes the demonstration of Frequent and Super-quick charging electric bus operation with small volu...Lead moreIn response to the worldwide movement toward the prevention of global warming and toward the increasing of introduction of electric vehicles in recent years, this paper describes the demonstration of Frequent and Super-quick charging electric bus operation with small volume of batteries in tropical climate which may damage to batteries, and its result of practicability for route bus operation that compares favourably with diesel bus operation in tropical climate.

Abstract

Developing an effective speed management plan is an important consideration for all cities. Ensuring that users can maximise efficiency on the network while balancing the need for safe speed limits is challenging, and one that can meet resistance. Recent campaigns by the ...Lead moreDeveloping an effective speed management plan is an important consideration for all cities. Ensuring that users can maximise efficiency on the network while balancing the need for safe speed limits is challenging, and one that can meet resistance. Recent campaigns by the New Zealand Transport Agency challenge the ’Right to Speed’, targeting drivers that consistently drive at speeds that feel appropriate to them. These drivers seem not to see the connection between speed and crashes, but perhaps other motivations for speeding such as reduced travel time can be challenged. This paper uses data from 28 million km driven in Auckland. The paper demonstrates using real world probe data that while speeding on the Auckland network offers a small improvement in travel time, this is quickly negated by impediments along the trip such as congestion, turning corners, or stopping at traffic lights. The goal of this paper is to highlight the futility of speeding behaviour in urban areas, and develop a set of metrics that can be used to measure speed adherence across a city to determine the efficacy of speed management plans.

Abstract

Public transportation must include the following elements: network density, service quality and low cost. In addition, a comfortable “first mile and last mile” connection can be key to attracting people to take public transportation. In view of unstable user demand and vo...Lead morePublic transportation must include the following elements: network density, service quality and low cost. In addition, a comfortable “first mile and last mile” connection can be key to attracting people to take public transportation. In view of unstable user demand and volume, DRTS is often recommended as the solution for “first mile and last mile” connections. However, due to insufficiency of drivers, operators and governments cannot operate enough routes. As the issues of the aging society become more serious, so will this problem. Autonomous vehicles are an emerging technology. By combining this technology with public transportation system, the problem of insufficient drivers can be overcome. The key to adopting autonomous vehicle technology in public transportation is not only the technological feasibility, but also the involvement of public transportation operators. Therefore, this research focuses on the combination of public transportation system and autonomous vehicles, with integrated platform between DRTS and autonomous vehicles. Field tests will be implemented to produce a feasible framework which will serve as the foundation for public transportation systems of the future.

Abstract

To enhance the performance of the k-nearest neighbors approach in forecasting short-term traffic volume, this paper proposed and tested an novel KNN-Exponential-Smoothing Model(KNN-ES) to enhance forecasting accuracy based on the spatiotemporal vector, The equivalent dist...Lead moreTo enhance the performance of the k-nearest neighbors approach in forecasting short-term traffic volume, this paper proposed and tested an novel KNN-Exponential-Smoothing Model(KNN-ES) to enhance forecasting accuracy based on the spatiotemporal vector, The equivalent distance between loop detectors was defined by the correlation coefficients and physical distance . The traffic state of a freeway segment is described by a time-space matrix instead of only a time series as in the basic KNN model, the selectional rule of the candidates was modified by the Gaussian weighted method. Besides, the exponential-smoothing was adapted to overcome the memoryless features of the KNN model. Finally, the forecasting accuracies of the novel KNN-ES model is compared, and experimental results indicate that the improved KNN model is more appropriate for short-term traffic multistep forecasting than the other models .

Abstract

A method for coordinating vehicles and facilitating the introduction of Autonomous VehiclesA method for coordinating vehicles and facilitating the introduction of Autonomous Vehicles

Abstract

Traffic conditions monitoring is important to national security and in providing convenience for commuters in crowded cities. Traditionally, traffic conditions have been observed and recorded by human operators, assisted by some basic single-modality sensors. An increasin...Lead moreTraffic conditions monitoring is important to national security and in providing convenience for commuters in crowded cities. Traditionally, traffic conditions have been observed and recorded by human operators, assisted by some basic single-modality sensors. An increasing volume of traffic in big cities requires a more efficient method of tracking vehicle numbers, types and even traffic incidents such as illegal behaviours of drivers or pedestrians, and traffic accidents. Recent advances in real-time object detection have enabled the use of video analytics in traffic monitoring. Deep learning strategies like recurrent neural networks can provide an advantage beyond simple object detection. Dynamic traffic conditions, such as dangerous driving or riot-prone crowds can be learnt by Long-short-term memory networks (LSTM). This paper proposes the combination of LSTM and Autoencoder networks for learning anomalous traffic activity, allowing for more accurate prediction of traffic conditions and more effective preventive actions to be taken against traffic incidents.

Abstract

Driver’s individual difference helps to better conduct research on driving behavior, and can effectively reduce traffic accidents. Driving type is the main manifestation of driver difference. However, at present, these models are qualitative analysis of driving types rath...Lead moreDriver’s individual difference helps to better conduct research on driving behavior, and can effectively reduce traffic accidents. Driving type is the main manifestation of driver difference. However, at present, these models are qualitative analysis of driving types rather than quantitative analysis, and the types of driving are based solely on human cognition instead of starting from the actual traffic data. In this study, the reaction time of different drivers was obtained through the development of orthogonal test schemes, the use of a driving simulation chamber experiment platform, the setting of different follow-up simulation scenarios, and the collection of time-series data of the driver’s status. The functional relationship between driver reaction time and speed is established. Using the dynamic clustering method, the reaction time-velocity function was classified and studied, and the driver was classified rationally. Then, through the actual traffic data verify the above experimental results. The research divided the driver into four categories based on the reaction time of follow-up, which provided a certain theoretical basis for the research on the driving behavior of different types of drivers.

Abstract

Taiwan has high motorcycle ownership and the traffic with high motorcycle composition. For improving motorcycle traffic safety in Taiwan, one of the possible measures is to use V2X technology at intersection. It has been developed and investigated by field trial. It is a ...Lead moreTaiwan has high motorcycle ownership and the traffic with high motorcycle composition. For improving motorcycle traffic safety in Taiwan, one of the possible measures is to use V2X technology at intersection. It has been developed and investigated by field trial. It is a V2I motorcycle warning system to deliver immediate feedback warning signs to drivers upon their behaviour and various road conditions. The system consists of motorcycle’s active-RFID tag(OBU) and Road-Side Units (RSUs) which can trigger LED to display different warning signs according to specific situations and be able to return various data simultaneously. Data from OBU allow us to analyse pattern of speed change when vehicles approaching the activated warning equipment and to evaluate the effectiveness of system by Before-After analysis. This paper presents the results. It has indicated significant influence of deceleration for intersection warning and speeding warning with the average speed reduced up to 4.4kph.

Abstract

With the increase of car ownership, the difficulty of parking has attracted more and more attention from the society. In recent years, a shared parking strategy has been proposed to alleviate the difficulty of parking by sharing existing parking space resources. From the ...Lead moreWith the increase of car ownership, the difficulty of parking has attracted more and more attention from the society. In recent years, a shared parking strategy has been proposed to alleviate the difficulty of parking by sharing existing parking space resources. From the perspective of the parking lot operator, aiming at achieving the maximum profit, this paper establishes a linear programming model to solve the parking space allocation problem of shared parking lots. Based on the actual situation, this paper introduces the idea of revenue management. It takes the different types of customers, the impact of price on supply and demand and overbooking conditions into consideration for the first time. Then, through numerical experiments, the allocation strategy and analysis of the model can be obtained. The proposed model not only relieves the difficulty of parking with limited and existing resources, benefit the society, but also provides an effective parking space allocation strategy for parking lot operators.

Abstract

The world cities are looking forward to sustainable development to mitigate many problems related to urbanization. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is one of the most efficient ways of planning sustainable development in terms of equity among environment, social and eco...Lead moreThe world cities are looking forward to sustainable development to mitigate many problems related to urbanization. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is one of the most efficient ways of planning sustainable development in terms of equity among environment, social and economic. In this line, to draw the strategies to implement TOD projects is going to challenge for planners or engineers. For each state or country should have their own strategy. In developed countries have already drawn strategies and they are successfully implemented TOD. To achieve the strategies several steps are involved. Firstly, understanding of existing conditions and scope of development that can happen around transit stations. Second, based on the data available about land use and transport system, it is necessary to categorized all stations into groups based their performance. Next, drawing strategies towards solution for identified problems. In Fourth step, established generalized Urban TOD model to address implementation issues and sustainable measures

Abstract

In the summer of 2017, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) began the operation test of automated driving service based at Michi-no-Eki (roadside stations) with the aim of securing transportation for people and goods, leading to regional rev...Lead moreIn the summer of 2017, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) began the operation test of automated driving service based at Michi-no-Eki (roadside stations) with the aim of securing transportation for people and goods, leading to regional revitalization in rural depopulated areas where aging populations are prevalent. The tests were conducted at 13 locations across Japan, and the technical challenges for implementing automated driving services such as road traffic and regional environment were analyzed. We identified technical challenges in situations wherein automated driving becomes difficult and conducted a survey for passengers and community residents to assess the feasibility of social implementation. Surveys on and analyses of challenges such as approval of introduction of automated driving transport service, trust in automated driving technology, and social acceptability such as expectations from automated driving are discussed in this paper.

Abstract

Abstract : One of the roots traffic congestion is high number of private vehicle which triggered by an increase in the number of population. Switching users of private vehicle to public transport regarding to the affecting factor supposed to be examining first to solve tr...Lead moreAbstract : One of the roots traffic congestion is high number of private vehicle which triggered by an increase in the number of population. Switching users of private vehicle to public transport regarding to the affecting factor supposed to be examining first to solve traffic congestion. Based on factor analysis, there are two major factor on transport mode choice; quality (time, comfort, cleanness, safety, security, accessibility, and reliability) and cost. Therefore, the government should be taking into considerations priority, which offer high contribution on solution made as priority. In order to achieving goal; the quality criteria reached contribution value that of 68% and 32% for cost criteria. Quality criteria compiled by time which has 61.8% of contribution value, safety (15.2%), accessibility (9.1%), security (8.8%), reliability (2.4%), comfort (1.7%), and cleanness as the priority within quality criteria has 1% of contribution. On the other dimension, cost criteria contain of fuel subsidy reached 95.664% of contribution, parking rate (3.947%), progressive tax (0.366%), and LCGC issue (0.023%). Implementing Intelligent Transport System as one of best practice solution.

Abstract

Predicting the short-term travel demand is essential for public transport operation and planning, especially in resource and congestion management. This topic has received considerable interest in literature, where a time-series based prediction model is the most common a...Lead morePredicting the short-term travel demand is essential for public transport operation and planning, especially in resource and congestion management. This topic has received considerable interest in literature, where a time-series based prediction model is the most common approach. The existing works can be classified into parametric and non-parametric models, in which a deep learning based method is the latest non-parametric approach. However, the majority of existing short-term public transport travel demand prediction models mainly focus on capturing the temporal correlation between passenger demand of successive time intervals on a single time-series, without leveraging the strong correlation between multiple spatially-correlated time series. This paper proposes a new Multi-variate Deep Learning Neural Network architecture that combines Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory Network to capture both temporal and spatial correlations in passenger demand data between multiple Origin-Destination pairs. The numerical experiment using travel demand data from Sydney, Australia shows that the proposed model outperforms the existing approaches in literature.

Abstract

In the quest to automate manual processes by using available solutions and freeing up manpower to become a smart city, we are opting to look at improving the Forklift. They are widely used in many industries such as construction, event, and logistics to lift heavier loads...Lead moreIn the quest to automate manual processes by using available solutions and freeing up manpower to become a smart city, we are opting to look at improving the Forklift. They are widely used in many industries such as construction, event, and logistics to lift heavier loads that require massive manpower. Considering how important forklifts are in these industries, one would think that operating forklifts would be safe. However, in recent years, there has been a rise in fatalities by forklifts. The main causes of such accidents include carrying loads beyond the forklift’s operational capabilities, having an impaired field of vision due to a stacked load in front of operators and also having a lack of situational awareness during forklift operation. We propose a system fitted in forklifts to detect its surroundings using sensors to warn the operators of the proximity of nearby dangers. A warning would activate once an object comes too close within the range. To add on, the people around the surroundings would also be alerted when a forklift is approaching. Supervisors could also have an overview of the entire warehouse as the location of the forklifts could be transmitted through location identification.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to clarify effective methods for installing auxiliary passing lanes to highways provisionally developed as two-way two-lane highways (hereinafter referred to as TWTLs). When studying installation methods, the authors first checked actual vehic...Lead moreThe purpose of this paper is to clarify effective methods for installing auxiliary passing lanes to highways provisionally developed as two-way two-lane highways (hereinafter referred to as TWTLs). When studying installation methods, the authors first checked actual vehicle speeds on TWTLs in Japan using probe data and conducted traffic flow measurement surveys in the highway sections with auxiliary passing lanes to grasp the travel characteristics on TWTLs. Then we incorporated the travel characteristics identified from the results into traffic flow simulations and developed models for quantitative evaluation of the effects of auxiliary passing lane installation. The models can continuously recreate traffic conditions on TWTLs and can be used for evaluation of the effects of installation of auxiliary passing lanes with speed indicators and following indicators. We proposed effective methods for installing auxiliary passing lanes identified through the comparison of such changes in traffic with the current standards for auxiliary passing lane installation and the level of service shown in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010.

Abstract

: In the urban areas across the world, there has been an exponential rise in the number of road related crashes, especially at uncontrolled intersections. A lot of research has been done in this regard but most of the researches have been executed using crash data from pa...Lead more: In the urban areas across the world, there has been an exponential rise in the number of road related crashes, especially at uncontrolled intersections. A lot of research has been done in this regard but most of the researches have been executed using crash data from past which has its own set of limitations. In the present study, it has been tried to carry out a safety analysis using surrogate safety measures taking Time to collision (TTC), Time headway, Post encroachment time (PET) and critical speed as safety indicators. It was found that different safety indicators are used depending upon the type of intersection and conflict analysed. Two different intersections were chosen for the study, with one analysed for cross conflicts and other analysed for following conflicts. TTC and time headway were used as a safety indicator in case of analysis of following conflicts whereas, the cross conflicts were analysed using PET and critical speed. It was found that with the change in threshold of TTC and headway from 1 to 2 seconds, there was a steep decline in the percentage of safe manoeuvres with almost zero percentage of safe manoeuvres if the threshold was increased above 3 seconds.

Abstract

Rider’s gaze data may contain a rich source of information on a rider’s intent to overtake. This relationship has been widely studied for car drivers. To enhance the safety of Personal Mobility Device (PMD) riders and pedestrians in their paths, this paper aims to predict...Lead moreRider’s gaze data may contain a rich source of information on a rider’s intent to overtake. This relationship has been widely studied for car drivers. To enhance the safety of Personal Mobility Device (PMD) riders and pedestrians in their paths, this paper aims to predict the direction of a PMD rider’s turning manoeuvres when a pedestrian is in front of the rider by analysing PMD rider’s gaze data. First, we determine gaze accumulation and glance frequency, and next we design a machine learning model to learn the relationship between the gaze features and the rider’s turning manoeuvres. Compared to similar studies on car drivers, the proposed framework for PMD riders uses fewer data types and contains compensation techniques for noisy or missing data points in outdoor measurements. The results showed that the proposed technique can predict the PMD rider’s direction of turning manoeuvres with an accuracy of 96%, 1 second in advance.

Abstract

Field operational tests provide invaluable insight into the performance of self-driving vehicles, however, information on the transportation system level requires large-scale analysis, usually carried out by means of simulation. Unfortunately, available models and tools a...Lead moreField operational tests provide invaluable insight into the performance of self-driving vehicles, however, information on the transportation system level requires large-scale analysis, usually carried out by means of simulation. Unfortunately, available models and tools are not sufficient to fully evaluate mixed traffic scenarios: models for human drivers are collision-free and models for autonomous vehicles largely focus only on the low-level control of the vehicle. In this paper we present the first version of the BEHAVE (Behaviour Evaluation of Human-driven and Autonomous VEhicles) simulator that enables the evaluation of different integration scenarios. We discuss the required changes in microscopic mobility models for both manned and autonomous vehicles, and present solutions that can pave the way for meaningful and reliable simulation of safety and efficiency aspects on a system level. BEHAVE can be used as test suite for AV mobility models and to derive certifications, insurance guidelines as well as operational policies.

Abstract

Advanced countries have begun to develop the MaaS platform, to integrated public transportation mobility service concept. Through MaaS, it has changed the travel services environment and redefining the business models from different operators into the whole transportation...Lead moreAdvanced countries have begun to develop the MaaS platform, to integrated public transportation mobility service concept. Through MaaS, it has changed the travel services environment and redefining the business models from different operators into the whole transportation system. This study not only applies the project management system to ensure that the document review of plan implement process, and even budget supervision have an effect operation process, but also under IV&V standard to excuse this project. To guarantee the project would be on schedule, in line with the quality and conform to the budget to complete the project and get certification from IV&V organization. Further, this study team also provide consulting services, to integrity the real demand and user thought to improve the user willy to pay for the MaaS services. Therefore, MaaS platform establishing in Kaohsiung has finished basic system construction on time and combine lots of mobility services to the user, so that it would provide not only convenience app with friend interface to plan their trip route, but also one-stop services to the user.

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a modelling framework for the road links of an urban traffic road network, where the road link is the basic unit for the display of traffic conditions (green, yellow, red) onto the diagrammatic variable message sign. The methodology...Lead moreThis paper describes the development of a modelling framework for the road links of an urban traffic road network, where the road link is the basic unit for the display of traffic conditions (green, yellow, red) onto the diagrammatic variable message sign. The methodology for the identification of the traffic condition for each road link were derived using Boolean Logic, applied to the states of the loop detection output and Average speed of the Floating Car Data. The application, of the modelling framework and traffic condition identification methodology, was implemented in a use-case describes in this paper. Promising result with high consistency was obtained based on comparison with field observation.

Abstract

To meet the long-term traffic demand management needs, Singapore’s Land Transport Authority (LTA) is embarking on the development of a traffic management system that leverages on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to optimise the use of the road network by influenc...Lead moreTo meet the long-term traffic demand management needs, Singapore’s Land Transport Authority (LTA) is embarking on the development of a traffic management system that leverages on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to optimise the use of the road network by influencing travel behaviour and enhancing the mobility experience of motorists. Central to the traffic management system is an in-vehicle On-Board Unit (OBU) that disseminates relevant real-time traffic information and safety messages to help motorists make more informed decisions en-route, enhancing their overall travelling experience. It is therefore vital that the Human Machine Interface (HMI) of the OBU is designed ergonomically to aid ease of understanding and safe operations. This paper discusses the process by which the HMI was designed to be ergonomic and safe by conducting focus groups with motorists and structured experiments in the research lab as well as in a virtual simulator environment. The findings and results of the focus groups and experiments will serve as critical inputs for the development of the OBU HMI Guidelines to standardise the visual presentation on OBU, ensuring the safety for motorists and other road users.

Abstract

Pre-trip and en-route travel time information are very informative to drivers and travelers to make a decision or plan schedules. With the precise travel-time prediction of different routes and of different modes, a route-guidance system can suggest optimal alternate rout...Lead morePre-trip and en-route travel time information are very informative to drivers and travelers to make a decision or plan schedules. With the precise travel-time prediction of different routes and of different modes, a route-guidance system can suggest optimal alternate routes and the best preferable mode, and information on the potential traffic congestion. In the present study, travel time modelling has been done for two different modes of transportation, car and bus, by Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) analysis and their comparative study has been done. Bus route No.-1 having a road length of 14.5 KM, includes 7 signalized and 10 un-signalized intersections in Warangal city, India is selected as study area. The independent parameters such as Total Distance, Average Speed, Queue Length, Stopping Time, Signal time, and the dependent parameter “Total Travel Time” has been taken for this study. Raw data such as latitude and longitude of various locations and speed at those locations have been collected by mobile application OSM Tracker. Total mean squared error associated with a particular model has been calculated and on the basis of those value, the comparison has been made between the model developed by MLR and SVR. From the results, it has been concluded that Support Vector Regression performs better than Multiple Linear Regression.

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing growth of traffic data from additional sources over the years, the next generation of i-transport (a.k.a i-transport 2.0) needs to exploit the latest technologies and enhance its capabilities through the use of a...Lead moreWith the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing growth of traffic data from additional sources over the years, the next generation of i-transport (a.k.a i-transport 2.0) needs to exploit the latest technologies and enhance its capabilities through the use of artificial intelligence and Big Data analytical tools to enhance operational situation awareness, automate processes and achieve higher operational responsiveness and efficiency. In the near future, with On-Board Unit (OBU) from the next generation of Electronic Road Pricing (ERP2), a new mode of traffic advisory that complements the VMS will be available to provide more relevant, accurate and timely traffic information dissemination to targeted groups of vehicles to keep motorists informed of downstream incidents. This paper gives an overview on the development of i-transport 2.0 that leverage on the new advance technology and ITSs to provide more efficient traffic management of the Singapore road networks.

Abstract

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) of Singapore maintains approximately 110,000 street lights which are controlled by electronic programmable timers in electrical boxes across the island nation. Since mid-2000, LED technology has evolved rapidly and there has been increas...Lead moreThe Land Transport Authority (LTA) of Singapore maintains approximately 110,000 street lights which are controlled by electronic programmable timers in electrical boxes across the island nation. Since mid-2000, LED technology has evolved rapidly and there has been increasing adoption/conversion from traditional yellowish HPS to LED street lighting in cities across the world, due to the associated energy efficiency that can be achieved with LED technology. With the increasing deployment of LED street lights, street lighting control systems also evolved rapidly as the use of the electronic drivers in LED street lights expanded the functionalities achievable, e.g. instantaneous control, adjustment of lighting level, fault detection and driver data collection. The use of a smart street lighting control system will allow automatic detection of street lighting faults and initiate prompt intervention to repair. To better understand the capabilities of the street lighting control system, LTA conducted a series of trials since 2013. With the successful completion of the trials, in 2018, LTA initiated the LED Street Lighting with Remote Control and Monitoring System (RCMS) project.

Abstract

Traffic forecasting can be employed to provide decision support for transport management. Given real data, a data-driven predictive model’s performance depends on the data quality and consistency. We analyse this dependence in detail for vehicle speed forecasting using dat...Lead moreTraffic forecasting can be employed to provide decision support for transport management. Given real data, a data-driven predictive model’s performance depends on the data quality and consistency. We analyse this dependence in detail for vehicle speed forecasting using data from a network of roads in Sydney, Australia. We find that the data can vary in quality or statistical characteristics for a given road segment, and demonstrate how this elevates the importance of training using recent data. We discuss best practice for a real-time prediction setting.

Abstract

Designing and constructing road tunnels with tailored independent safety audits at different phases is a pre-emptive approach to ensure safety of road users once tunnel operations commences. Road tunnels are enclosed environments requiring intense monitoring for any chang...Lead moreDesigning and constructing road tunnels with tailored independent safety audits at different phases is a pre-emptive approach to ensure safety of road users once tunnel operations commences. Road tunnels are enclosed environments requiring intense monitoring for any changes in environmental conditions. It is important the operations team responds promptly to road tunnel incidents. During a road tunnel emergency such as a vehicular fire, prompt execution of response protocols helps save lives and preserve tunnel infrastructure. When a fire emergency occurs in a road tunnel, the operations team executes the requisite course of actions to ensure the safety of commuters. This is achieved via a multi-pronged approach involving the triggering of traffic response plans, usage of fire-suppression equipment and leveraging on the inbuilt safety features of the tunnel. This paper covers the use of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and emergency response protocols by the Operations Control Centre (OCC) in managing a road tunnel fire incident.

Abstract

In October 2017, the State Government of Victoria, Australia requested Infrastructure Victoria provide advice on the infrastructure required to enable highly automated and zero emissions vehicles to operate in Victoria. To answer this question Infrastructure Victoria cons...Lead moreIn October 2017, the State Government of Victoria, Australia requested Infrastructure Victoria provide advice on the infrastructure required to enable highly automated and zero emissions vehicles to operate in Victoria. To answer this question Infrastructure Victoria consulted with experts and gathered extensive evidence across a range of professional, academic and technical domains. This research quantified for the first time the significant potential benefits of automated and zero emissions vehicles, and associated infrastructure costs, under a range of scenarios. Infrastructure Victoria concluded that the additional infrastructure requirements for automated and zero emissions vehicles largely relate to energy and ICT infrastructure, with these vehicles likely to be designed to operate on existing roads, rather than requiring roads to be redesigned. These conclusions were accompanied by policy and technical recommendations for actions to enable the operation of highly automated and zero emissions vehicles so that outcomes for the community are optimised.

Abstract

In order to increase user satisfaction with public transport, some solutions are linked with system level planning and operations (frequency, network coverage), while others are concerned with system usage (vehicle- or infrastructure-related). Designers can mainly contrib...Lead moreIn order to increase user satisfaction with public transport, some solutions are linked with system level planning and operations (frequency, network coverage), while others are concerned with system usage (vehicle- or infrastructure-related). Designers can mainly contribute to increasing user satisfaction regarding direct system usage, e.g. by improving station comfort or wheelchair accessibility on buses. This paper aims to determine which indicators are important for increasing user satisfaction with public transport at a vehicular and infrastructural level. A survey was conducted in Singapore to investigate people’s perceptions of the current public transport system and evaluate indicators. Beyond operational indicators, results showed that ‘Information’, ‘Comfort’, ‘Physical Condition’ and ‘Leisure’ were the most important indicators for survey participants (n=87). Further work can investigate the relationship between travel habits, demographics and indicator importance. Through an understanding of the qualities people value in today’s public transport systems, designers and engineers can develop future mobility solutions.

Abstract

Chinese megacities are reforming old downtowns. Government relocates residents to large-scale-residential areas on city periphery, where residents find travel unsatisfactory but still use transit for their most frequent trips. So far, few studies have focused on transit c...Lead moreChinese megacities are reforming old downtowns. Government relocates residents to large-scale-residential areas on city periphery, where residents find travel unsatisfactory but still use transit for their most frequent trips. So far, few studies have focused on transit captivity in developing countries’ city peripheral areas. To understand transit captivity, this study conducts a survey in Jinhexincheng, introduces suppressed car ownership, and discovers serious transit captivity. Results show: 71.77 % transit rider samples acknowledge they “have no other choice but to use transit”. Integrated-travel-mode-choice-and-latent-variable model indicates: the captive feeling has a significant negative effect on transit choice. Ordinal regression models show: waiting time, speed, operating hours, and number of lines/stops contributes to transit dissatisfaction. They should have a high priority in transit improvement. For captive transit riders, to prevent them from giving up on transit, once they become richer and purchase cars, transit’s transfer and bicycle availability should be improved.

Abstract

Chinese megacities are reforming old downtown areas and demolishing substandard housings. The government relocates residents to large-scale residential areas on the megacity periphery. To our knowledge, few studies have looked into residents’ trip generation (potential li...Lead moreChinese megacities are reforming old downtown areas and demolishing substandard housings. The government relocates residents to large-scale residential areas on the megacity periphery. To our knowledge, few studies have looked into residents’ trip generation (potential limited mobility) and its influential factors in megacity’s peripheral affordable-housing areas in rapid-developing countries. To provide such knowledge, this study was formed. We conduct a survey in five peripheral areas to collect travel-diary data and detailed-travel-preference-and-willingness-questionnaire data. Then we conduct statistical analysis and estimate logistic-regression models, focusing on residents’ overall travel frequency, travel frequency of shopping for necessaries, and influential factors. Results show that residents have a lower trip frequency on average. On a rest day, they tend to travel less. Limited mobility condition exists. Model results show built environment has some contribution to it. Residents who cognize a large shopping mall near their living place, tend to have a high frequency of shopping for necessaries. Other facilities, such as middle-to-small-size supermarket, do not have significant effect. This reflects elastic demand theory can be applied to large-scale-residential areas on Chinese megacity periphery. In the end, various policy suggestions are given. This study supports transport planning and policy decision-making for similar areas in developing countries’ megacities.

Abstract

This paper focuses on the complexities of the implementation of a system to system interface between two independently operated managed motorway systems to help manage the operation of the boundary areas. We will discuss the approach taken, pitfalls faced and end results ...Lead moreThis paper focuses on the complexities of the implementation of a system to system interface between two independently operated managed motorway systems to help manage the operation of the boundary areas. We will discuss the approach taken, pitfalls faced and end results of the implementation with real world statistics. The establishment of the C2C has enabled faster response to manage the incidents on the boundary zones as well as improve safety and congestion by helping clear the incidents faster. This paper will describe the approach taken to deliver this complex project with multiple parties with different priorities, and the technical approach to solve this complex problem.

Abstract

In the inter-vehicle communication(IVC) system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) modulation and carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance(CSMA/CA) scheme as media access control(MAC) protocol, the performance degradation occurs by hidden termi...Lead moreIn the inter-vehicle communication(IVC) system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) modulation and carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance(CSMA/CA) scheme as media access control(MAC) protocol, the performance degradation occurs by hidden terminals. On the other hand, code division multiple access(CDMA) IVC using direct sequence spread spectrum(DS/SS) modulation can mitigate the interference of hidden terminals. In CDMA, it is necessary to assign pseudo noise(PN) code to each vehicle. In previous research, the performance evaluation of OFDM and CDMA communication under urban environments has been performed. However, the PN code allocation method has not evaluated assuming a real environment. Also, a method of improving performance degradation due to the inter-symbol interference of same code in CDMA communication is already proposed. The method is evaluated on the highway. In this paper, the CDMA communication with location oriented PN code allocation in the urban environment is evaluated. This method is closer to a real environment. In addition, CDMA with the code sensing is applied. And this method is compared between OFDM and normal CDMA. As a result, packet error rate(PER) characteristics better than OFDM and CDMA using normal MAC protocol are shown. However, throughput performance has been lowered compared to others.

Abstract

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) has shown a great potential in improving freeway capacity. Although the benefit from CACC is obvious, its potential side effects are not yet well studied. One of the major factors that has been overlooked is merging behavior. A d...Lead moreCooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) has shown a great potential in improving freeway capacity. Although the benefit from CACC is obvious, its potential side effects are not yet well studied. One of the major factors that has been overlooked is merging behavior. A driving simulator study has been recently conducted at the Federal Highway Administration and reveals that there is unique driving behavior when joining and leaving a CACC platoon. Unlike conventional merging model which is a passive decision action, merging into a CACC platoon is a proactive action. Without simulating this unique behavior, any simulation evaluation on CACC is biased. To improve validity of future CACC simulation evaluation, this research constructs a merging model. The model consists of two parts: longitudinal trajectory model and the merging duration prediction model. The model was constructed for both human manual driver and CACC automated controller. The evaluation on the proposed model shows that the model is 96.5% accurate in terms of merging duration prediction and 95.2% accurate in terms of speed prediction.

Abstract

In this research, a novel solution has been proposed for truck platooning system. The controller is designed based on model predictive control (MPC) method, which regulates both longitudinally and laterally. In the platooning, the leading vehicle is human-driven and the f...Lead moreIn this research, a novel solution has been proposed for truck platooning system. The controller is designed based on model predictive control (MPC) method, which regulates both longitudinally and laterally. In the platooning, the leading vehicle is human-driven and the following vehicles are full autonomous, in other words, the followings will follow the leading vehicle automatically and unconditionally. In order to improve the validity and adaptability of the algorithm, actuator delay is considered when modelling vehicle dynamics. Based on Prescan/ Trucksim and Simulink simulation software, a software-in-the-loop simulation platform is developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on speed, fluctuation and communication delay. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance in various driving conditions and road conditions, in the most extreme conditions, the controller can still guarantee safety and string stability.

Abstract

Through the research on the data analysis and decision-making system of non-truck operating common carrier(NTOCC), the transformation and application of the platform data of NTOCC was realized, and the supervision and decision-making ability of the transportation manageme...Lead moreThrough the research on the data analysis and decision-making system of non-truck operating common carrier(NTOCC), the transformation and application of the platform data of NTOCC was realized, and the supervision and decision-making ability of the transportation management departments on NTOCC was improved, which was of great significance for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the logistics industry in the new era. The available resources of big data in the field of transportation were analyzed from the two levels of government and enterprises, which was including the sources and categories of the big data. Based on Ali-cloud big data processing system, the main steps and key technologies of big data decision-making system were proposed. Through the method of case analysis, the application of NTOCC in the decision-making system of big data analysis was studied. Finally, the big data analysis and decision system of NTOCC was constructed, and the data source, main functions and visualization functions of the big data analysis and decision system of NTOCC was proposed. This research opens up a new path for the application of NTOCC in big data analysis and decision system.