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Abstract

As Singapore continues to carry out various trials on self-driving vehicle technology in select areas, there is a need to consider the long term deployment plans for Autonomous vehicles (AVs) on public roads throughout the island. This paper considers the current practice...Lead moreAs Singapore continues to carry out various trials on self-driving vehicle technology in select areas, there is a need to consider the long term deployment plans for Autonomous vehicles (AVs) on public roads throughout the island. This paper considers the current practices of road infrastructure design and road traffic rules for conventional road users and discusses the changes that are required to enable a mixed traffic environment with both conventional road users and AVs interacting in a safe and efficient manner. As part of the methodology for assessment, this paper proposes to consider the learnings from both on-going AV trials and experience with the current road challenges.

Abstract

Smart lamp-post is an Internet of Things(IoT) Infrastructure which integrated camera, meteorological monitor, Wi-Fi and many other sensors with lamp-post. We review the smart lamp-post researches, introduce AI technology on pedestrian detection and analysis to mining its ...Lead moreSmart lamp-post is an Internet of Things(IoT) Infrastructure which integrated camera, meteorological monitor, Wi-Fi and many other sensors with lamp-post. We review the smart lamp-post researches, introduce AI technology on pedestrian detection and analysis to mining its applications on smart lamp-post. We divide the video based AI technology into three groups: object detection, tracking, and pedestrian Re-identification. Then we introduce them into our recent lamp-post projects to help our implementations. In conclusion, we forecast the future demand like: real-time POI tracks and high level crowd behaviour, we also discuss the privacy problem of large-scale deployment.

Abstract

The four-step traffic demand forecasting model has the advantages of mature theory and clear logic. The macro-traffic model which only takes traffic survey data as the core input data has the shortcomings of less classification of travel groups and incomplete checking of ...Lead moreThe four-step traffic demand forecasting model has the advantages of mature theory and clear logic. The macro-traffic model which only takes traffic survey data as the core input data has the shortcomings of less classification of travel groups and incomplete checking of each step. Under the background of the wide application of big data mining, it is an important task to explore the traffic analysis system under the big data environment and improve the traffic model system in the new era. Taking this as the starting point, in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the model, this paper explores and proposes a method of upgrading the traditional traffic model system technology based on multiple large data. Under the basic framework of the four-step model, it focuses on the analysis and utilization of multivariate data and verification analysis technology in each step of the model.

Abstract

Head-up display (HUD) interface, using augmented reality (AR) technic that displays visual cues on the drivers’ view of the road, has been widely used to increase driver awareness and safety. The effect of HMIs using HUD with different focal distance and three-dimensional...Lead moreHead-up display (HUD) interface, using augmented reality (AR) technic that displays visual cues on the drivers’ view of the road, has been widely used to increase driver awareness and safety. The effect of HMIs using HUD with different focal distance and three-dimensional sound warning for peripheral contingencies during driving is examined. To examine cognition of the driver after takeover request from automatic driving to manual, a test course field experiment was conducted. During the manual driving right after the authority transition from automatic, 3 types of peripheral contingency situations were designed: overtaken by the other car from the adjacent lane, sudden deceleration of a leading vehicle, and pedestrians likely to cross over the road. The differences in cognitive processing by focal distance of HUD image and verified influence of three-dimensional sound on driving behavior were found.

Abstract

Nagasaki city is located on the west edge of Japan. The city received the attack of the atomic bomb in 1945. It revives to a beautiful sightseeing city today. The Nagasaki electric tramway is one of the most important public transportations in this city. We are providing ...Lead moreNagasaki city is located on the west edge of Japan. The city received the attack of the atomic bomb in 1945. It revives to a beautiful sightseeing city today. The Nagasaki electric tramway is one of the most important public transportations in this city. We are providing the GPS location service of this tram by the name of DOKONE. The purpose of this research is to apply BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Beacon to the location service in outdoor. This location service evolves to the transfer guide system. First of all, the signal of BLE Beacon in the tram-stop was measured from an in-vehicle terminal. It was clarified to be able to identify BLE Beacon in the tram by this experiment. We linked the geospatial information with ID in Beacon and developed the transfer application program of the tram. After explains the application program, the research in the future is described.

Abstract

The development of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) from military to civilian purpose requires adjusting regulations to ensure public safety. The development of user of small unmanned aircraft system for hobby purpose in Indonesia grows rapidly. This paper aims to understa...Lead moreThe development of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) from military to civilian purpose requires adjusting regulations to ensure public safety. The development of user of small unmanned aircraft system for hobby purpose in Indonesia grows rapidly. This paper aims to understand the regulations of unmanned aircraft systems implementation in order to provide recommendations in operating unmanned aircraft systems for recreation or hobby purpose to improve public safety in Indonesia regarding to the experiences from other countries. The method is comparative analysis for three cases: Indonesia, USA and Poland. USA and Poland have more complete regulations for small UAS use. Indonesia can adopt some rules as lessons learned from USA and Polland in operating small UAS for recreation or hobby purpose such as small UAS registration, operator license and online guidance for small UAS operator

Abstract

Depopulation and diversification are crucial tendency in developed nations such as Japan. On these tendency, mass market approach is over including urban development. To understand nice and segmented needs, data-driven and individual-centered design are important to condu...Lead moreDepopulation and diversification are crucial tendency in developed nations such as Japan. On these tendency, mass market approach is over including urban development. To understand nice and segmented needs, data-driven and individual-centered design are important to conduct future urban system. To discuss integrated vision of urban development, we conducted several dialogues as preliminary research to know what is the needs of various stakeholoders with Transdisciplinary Approach. We have a hypothesis as necessity of ‘Transportation as a Supply Chain’, so we had a large town meeting in Shodo-Shima island, rural area of Japan. As a result, we found ‘Transportation as a Supply Chain’ implemented smart city, ‘Urban-as-a-Service’ is important among stakeholders. And we also found several difficulties to execute actual urban development continuously. During these dialogues, we discussed the future urban system and decided to take an actual action, establishing a actual start-up, ‘scheme verge inc’ and made ‘Horai’ service.

Abstract

Dovetailing with Singapore’s vision to be the world’s first smart nation by rolling out driverless buses on public roads by 2020, we are developing a surrounding-view visual mapping and localization system for autonomous vehicles (cars and buses). By fusing data from mult...Lead moreDovetailing with Singapore’s vision to be the world’s first smart nation by rolling out driverless buses on public roads by 2020, we are developing a surrounding-view visual mapping and localization system for autonomous vehicles (cars and buses). By fusing data from multiple surrounding-view cameras, Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging) and GPS/INS (Global Position System/Inertial Navigation System), we built the geo-referenced visual maps of typical scenes in Singapore, including urban roads, highways, flyovers and tunnels. With cameras alone, we obtained high localization accuracy with error less than 20 cm on average, even for challenging scenes like night scenes, rainy scenes, tunnels and flyovers. We deployed our localization technology on the NVIDIA PX2 platform and optimized the algorithm for speed. Through real-time processing on PX2, we successfully conducted the live tests on Singapore’s public roads and demonstrated the system to our partners and customers.

Abstract

As a kind of the vehicle ego-localization system, a method of recognizing several coding patterns set on a road surface or a lane has been studied. The moving sensor detectable code (MSDC) is one of them, and in the previous research, the code expressed in concavities and...Lead moreAs a kind of the vehicle ego-localization system, a method of recognizing several coding patterns set on a road surface or a lane has been studied. The moving sensor detectable code (MSDC) is one of them, and in the previous research, the code expressed in concavities and convexities was read using the laser radar. However, there was a problem with its reading speed. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method to express the code by color instead of concave and convex, and to read the code with on-board camera. A color MSDC is installed outside the lane marking, and the code is recognized by image processing using an existing vehicle-mounted camera. By experiments, color identification under different irradiances and verification of code reading accuracy were carried out. As a result, enough recognition accuracy was obtained, and the guaranteed scanning speed became 10 times or more.

Abstract

During the past decade, automated driving systems have been actively researched and implemented around the world. Among many use cases of automated driving systems, arguably one of the most imminent application is transit-type buses or shuttles that operate in fixed or de...Lead moreDuring the past decade, automated driving systems have been actively researched and implemented around the world. Among many use cases of automated driving systems, arguably one of the most imminent application is transit-type buses or shuttles that operate in fixed or dedicated routes. In this paper, we present a project that involves the development of an automated bus platform operating that is designed to operate in urban environment and mixed traffic. We describe our prototype vehicle platform and the associated functionality implemented to execute the mission of executing operations in urban environment that is challenging particularly in Asian countries where various types of road users behave in a diverse manner. We use the field-testing data collected during demonstration activities carried out in the city of Taichung, Taiwan, to share our experience in the operations of automated transit as well as functional complications that are likely to be encountered in deployment.

Abstract

Development, training of machine learning models, deployment and validation of urban autonomous driving systems and ADAS algorithms on real world experiments are costly and time-consuming affair. To supplement this, we propose a Computer Graphic simulator with extensive a...Lead moreDevelopment, training of machine learning models, deployment and validation of urban autonomous driving systems and ADAS algorithms on real world experiments are costly and time-consuming affair. To supplement this, we propose a Computer Graphic simulator with extensive applications across various fields of autonomous driving which allows the development of a high-quality photo-realistic training and evaluation environment. The simulator platform is developed with multiple features including perception, navigation and control systems along with realism in the image rendering and physics simulation. In this application, we use an automotive simulator based on Unreal Engine 4 framework with custom features added for algorithm development. The simulator also provides a perfect environment for testing Autonomous algorithms in safe conditions.

Abstract

To take into account both traffic efficiency and road user safety, Singapore adopts a mixture of controlled and discretionary turning phases at many of our traffic signal junctions, just like many cities in Japan, Europe, USA, Australia and New Zealand. While controlled t...Lead moreTo take into account both traffic efficiency and road user safety, Singapore adopts a mixture of controlled and discretionary turning phases at many of our traffic signal junctions, just like many cities in Japan, Europe, USA, Australia and New Zealand. While controlled traffic phases have been implemented along several traffic junctions, discretionary traffic light phasing allows motorist to make right turns after yielding to crossing pedestrians and opposing through traffic movements until they have cleared. Such traffic light phasing optimises traffic efficiency, but requires motorists and pedestrians to practice road courtesy and high level of attentiveness to the road condition. This paper aims to understand the impact of travel time performance for vehicular and pedestrians on a network level when adjacent controlled traffic light phases are implemented. A VISSIM microsimulation model is created to explore the impact of controlled traffic light phasing, and the changes of vehicular and pedestrian phase timings on traffic efficiency.

Abstract

. Road infrastructure investment in developing countries has not kept pace with the growth in demand, while a focus on road improvement rather than maintenance results in the rapid depreciation of existing road assets. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is committed to impr...Lead more. Road infrastructure investment in developing countries has not kept pace with the growth in demand, while a focus on road improvement rather than maintenance results in the rapid depreciation of existing road assets. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is committed to improving the outcomes and sustainability of road investments through implementation of sustainable asset management processes. Modern technology applied to road asset management includes GPS positioning, laser profilometers, high definition video and phone or tablet based applications. One current ADB project will use mobile phone network data to capture people’s travel, providing a much more reliable picture of transport demand than achieved by conventional survey techniques. Because the mobile network data can also be used to estimate traffic volumes and speeds, it can be used to monitor the performance of the network over time and highlight problems including deterioration in the road pavement and traffic congestion.

Abstract

Passenger waiting time at rail stops is a significant impact to the efficiency of public transportation systems. Beyond observation that urban rail transit passengers may have to wait in line for an available train when the subway is full loaded in peak hour, waiting time...Lead morePassenger waiting time at rail stops is a significant impact to the efficiency of public transportation systems. Beyond observation that urban rail transit passengers may have to wait in line for an available train when the subway is full loaded in peak hour, waiting time caused by waiting in line needs specific study. The paper proposed a new method based on IC card data to calculate the waiting time of passengers in morning peak hour and defined the LOS of rail transit. The relation between passenger travel time in peak hour and passenger travel time in off-peak hour for a given OD is adopted in this method. In this paper, the waiting time of 278 railway stations in Beijing was calculated by using the data of IC card, and the characteristics of waiting time were analyzed. A method of evaluating service level of rail stations is proposed. Results show that accurate waiting time can be calculated based on IC card data. The characteristics of waiting time are analyzed. The research of this paper can be used for making current-limiting measure, the arrangement of train timetable, reference for the capacity of station and the assessment of LOS.

Abstract

In this study，we propose a method to control minute acceleration and deceleration of a trailing vehicle and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with simulations by incorporating it into the longitudinal control．We actualize to smooth acceleration and de...Lead moreIn this study，we propose a method to control minute acceleration and deceleration of a trailing vehicle and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with simulations by incorporating it into the longitudinal control．We actualize to smooth acceleration and deceleration by introducing a sensitivity function for cognition of following vehicle distance error and suppressing minute acceleration and deceleration

Abstract

In an effort to ready government, industry, and our customers, the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads will deploy a large¬-scale cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) pilot in the City of Ipswich. The system is comprised of cooperative vehicles, ...Lead moreIn an effort to ready government, industry, and our customers, the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads will deploy a large¬-scale cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) pilot in the City of Ipswich. The system is comprised of cooperative vehicles, roadside and a central station that comply with the European C-ITS standards. The standards largely define the requirement for short-range communications – vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside stations. Interaction with the central station requires long range communications - these standards are still emerging. Beyond the scope of the central station, a central facility can serve several supporting functions – such as monitoring and maintenance of roadside and vehicle stations. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the pilot system, and the functionally and design elements of the cloud-hosted, serverless central facility.

Abstract

When Level 4 automated driving is implemented in an actual field environment, remote driving is indispensable to continue automated driving against the various exceptional situations such as road constructions. A remote operator should monitor video being streamed from th...Lead moreWhen Level 4 automated driving is implemented in an actual field environment, remote driving is indispensable to continue automated driving against the various exceptional situations such as road constructions. A remote operator should monitor video being streamed from the automated car, and appropriately manoeuvre the car. In such situation, a stable cellular network is required to connect between the car and the operator being at a distance, maintaining the latency of the video streaming and the car controlling signals very low. In 16th ITS Asia Pacific Forum Fukuoka 2018, we successfully demonstrated automated driving with remote driving via our commercial 4G (LTE) network. We determined the network performance required for the remote driving and conducted preliminarily survey by confirming if the performance is realized in our network. We confirmed the remote driving could be done without any trouble and mis-operation at the condition that remoted driving was done at a low speed, i.e. under 5 km/h. Network performance enhancement by introducing 5G is expected to improve remote driving capability in the near future.

Abstract

This study conducts an exploratory case study of Smart Parking Management in Taiwan that was conducted by different practical deployments of a smart IoT parking garage, parking district, and outdoor off-street parking area. This study reveals parking services from traditi...Lead moreThis study conducts an exploratory case study of Smart Parking Management in Taiwan that was conducted by different practical deployments of a smart IoT parking garage, parking district, and outdoor off-street parking area. This study reveals parking services from traditional to innovative mobile services for parking offline to online (O2O). In conclusion, this research determined that the smartphone based “Smart Parking Management Architecture” should be applied to different types of parking area including on-street and off-street parking management, and also among indoor, outdoor, and integrated models. As more challenges coming from technology innovation and social change, the future of smarting parking management should combine with smartphone mobile service, IoT technology, and service design to create the well-experienced atmosphere of parking service. Finally, this study reveals a “Service Blueprinting” to connect the human-machine services from user experience and consumer journey to achieve advanced automatic parking service.

Abstract

Intelligent transport systems (ITS) consume an average 100 Gigabytes of data per day. This data consists primarily of crowd sourcing, traffic speed, volume, weather, video and GPS signals originating from external system sensors. The data streaming from these detectors wi...Lead moreIntelligent transport systems (ITS) consume an average 100 Gigabytes of data per day. This data consists primarily of crowd sourcing, traffic speed, volume, weather, video and GPS signals originating from external system sensors. The data streaming from these detectors will be used for both real-time operations and historical analysis. Due to such large amounts of data streaming into ITS for real-time and historical analysis, big data platforms such as Apache Hadoop have been considered highly suitable frameworks to ingest and analyse such data. This paper will describe the approaches taken using the Apache big data platforms to overcome some of the technical challenges faced in Intelligent Transport 2.0 Singapore (ITPT2). In particular, this paper will describe the big data analytical methods used in ITPT2 for traffic measure data fusion, adaptive knowledge base plan proposals and self-learning of traffic patterns for anomaly threshold recommendations. These processes will provide an efficient and systematic means for transport operations and analysis.

Abstract

A robust and reliable traffic monitoring system can improve the level of intelligent traffic management. With the development of microwave technology, high-resolution millimetre-wave radar is applied to road monitoring and traffic situational perception. This paper introd...Lead moreA robust and reliable traffic monitoring system can improve the level of intelligent traffic management. With the development of microwave technology, high-resolution millimetre-wave radar is applied to road monitoring and traffic situational perception. This paper introduces the techniques of millimetre-wave radar for pedestrian and vehicle perception, including object localization and multi-object tracking algorithms. The experimental results verify the reliability of the system and algorithm.

Abstract

Based on the theoretical research and actual developing status of artificial intelligence of human-computer interaction, this paper discusses several issues in the development of Intelligence system in Transport Demand Management (TDM). Different types of user interfaces ...Lead moreBased on the theoretical research and actual developing status of artificial intelligence of human-computer interaction, this paper discusses several issues in the development of Intelligence system in Transport Demand Management (TDM). Different types of user interfaces in a human-computer interaction for solving transportation issues, are explained. Intelligence TDM (i-TDM) contains three interfaces: a question mode, in which the system asks the user to determine the objectives for the implementation of TDM, followed by second interface, specific objective questions showing the selection of urban categories (city scale) so, the expert system will be able to provide the three closest suggestions for resolving existing transportation issues (interface number three). The interface based on human-computer interaction is discussed in terms of its design process, evaluation and testing, implementation, advantages, disadvantages and its impact so that end users can make decisions aided by expert systems in each interface.

Abstract

Dangerous driving behaviours, potential causes of crashes, such as speeding, sudden acceleration, sudden deceleration, and sudden turn, can be identified from the data of tachographs. However, the relationship between dangerous driving behaviours and crashes may differ in...Lead moreDangerous driving behaviours, potential causes of crashes, such as speeding, sudden acceleration, sudden deceleration, and sudden turn, can be identified from the data of tachographs. However, the relationship between dangerous driving behaviours and crashes may differ in response to conditions such as the road geometry. To identify how the relationship varies according to the road geometry, we included vertical grade and curvature as moderators to a negative binomial regression model representing relationship between dangerous driving behaviours and crashes. As a result, when dangerous driving behaviours were aggregated by types, it was shown that sudden turn on upgrade is especially dangerous. When dangerous driving behaviours were individually applied, it was shown that short-term speeding and sudden course changing on sharp curve, sudden course changing on upgrade section, and long-term speeding on downgrade section are especially dangerous, while long-term speeding on sharp curve is less dangerous.

Abstract

With the advancements of autonomous and connected vehicle technologies, electric vehicle technologies, and information and communication technologies, new and innovative public transport (PT) systems are naturally emerged. This work provides a detailed description and ana...Lead moreWith the advancements of autonomous and connected vehicle technologies, electric vehicle technologies, and information and communication technologies, new and innovative public transport (PT) systems are naturally emerged. This work provides a detailed description and analysis of the development of such a new PT system, named dynamic autonomous road transport (DART) system, which is currently being developed in Singapore. First, an overview of transport policies and public transport systems in Singapore is provided to understand the background and motivations of developing the DART system in Singapore. Second, the detailed development process of the DART system, including the planning, operations management and road infrastructure development aspects of the DART system, are described. Detailed descriptions of the methods used for each component and related results, using the DART system as a case study, are provided. The analysis results presented in this work have significant policy implications for Singapore to develop a new dynamic autonomous PT system so as to achieve a car-lite society, and also for other cities worldwide to develop their own new PT systems using emerging technologies for achieving a diversified, integrated and balanced multi-modal transport system.

Abstract

Collision warning system using V2V is expected to be able to enhance traffic safety effectively. Warning before conflict in advance is to provide sufficient reaction time for driver to perform evasive actions. By modelling trajectories of vehicles, it’s possible to predic...Lead moreCollision warning system using V2V is expected to be able to enhance traffic safety effectively. Warning before conflict in advance is to provide sufficient reaction time for driver to perform evasive actions. By modelling trajectories of vehicles, it’s possible to predict conflict and provide more accurate and timely warning messages in advance of conflict. Taiwan has mixed-traffic streams with high motorcycle composition which raises the frequency of conflict between vehicles. Motorcycles have the characteristics of lower inertia and they don’t follow the same lane discipline as cars do. This makes it is harder to predict the movement trajectories due to the more complicated lateral behaviors. In this research, we built a microscopic simulation model to simulate motorcycle trajectory on road section and intersection as the trajectory prediction model. The model is a 2-dimentional model consists of kinematic model, social force model and PID controller. The simulated results of trajectories showed that the model has highly accurate forecasting both for lateral direction and longitudinal direction. The model can be applied for predicting the possible conflict using the predicted trajectories of vehicles for a collision avoidance system using V2V technology.

Abstract

As the transportation industry becomes increasingly mature the word over, transportation authorities must carefully consider both the timing, and the extent of investment in the technologies that will be necessary to move their customers around more safely and efficiently...Lead moreAs the transportation industry becomes increasingly mature the word over, transportation authorities must carefully consider both the timing, and the extent of investment in the technologies that will be necessary to move their customers around more safely and efficiently. With budgets coming under increasing levels of pressure, and funding also competing with other projects, there will often be a trade-off between investing in less mature ‘stepping stone; technologies, and holding off for the technology to mature before deciding to invest. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insight into the types of considerations that transportation authorities may wish to consider in making this decision.

Abstract

To support the bus service adjustment, it is important to comprehensively understand the bus ridership variation features after the opening of a new metro line. Smart card data and GPS data are collected during the month before and after the opening of Metro Line 1 in Xia...Lead moreTo support the bus service adjustment, it is important to comprehensively understand the bus ridership variation features after the opening of a new metro line. Smart card data and GPS data are collected during the month before and after the opening of Metro Line 1 in Xiamen, China. On the basis of data fusion, the consecutive ridership time series of each bus line are obtained to represent the bus ridership variation. The iterated cumulative sums of squares algorithm is introduced to identify structural change points of bus ridership time series. A discussion is carried out to analyse the temporal distribution, the spatial distribution and other associated factors of structural change points. Results show that the bus ridership variation of a bus line is mainly detected along the metro corridor during the first week after the metro opening. For a bus line, the ridership variation is strongly associated with the bus line adjustment and its spatial relationship with metro stations. Additionally, a moderate association can be found between the bus ridership variation and the land use around bus stations. The methodology proposed and the conclusion drawn can serve as reference for the bus operation in the context of metro opening.

Abstract

Many cities around the world have the ambition to electrify their public transportation bus fleet. However, large scale fleet electrification is a complex transition and requires a different mix of technological and operational trade-offs that are optimized for the condit...Lead moreMany cities around the world have the ambition to electrify their public transportation bus fleet. However, large scale fleet electrification is a complex transition and requires a different mix of technological and operational trade-offs that are optimized for the conditions in each city individually. This paper presents a simulation-based methodology to derive a city-centric optimized electrification strategy for large scale public transport bus fleets. The methodology is then applied to Singapore, for which different charging strategies, including overnight depot charging and end-of-line opportunity charging, are compared based on total cost of ownership and operational reliability.

Abstract

As one of the Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program, next-generation urban transport systems are being developed in order to ensure safe and smooth traffic around the venues of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, and to secure means of transpor...Lead moreAs one of the Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program, next-generation urban transport systems are being developed in order to ensure safe and smooth traffic around the venues of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, and to secure means of transportation for the elderly in Japan’s super-aging society. The UTMS Society of Japan developed a system that performs bus priority control using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication via the 700 MHz radio frequency and conducted verification through field operational tests. The equipment specifications and communications standards established in this development will be adopted as standard specifications to promote future the introduction and dissemination of the system.

Abstract

Shared parking has been proposed to improve the utilization of parking facilities based on their spatial and temporal characteristics. However, there are few studies which have discussed whether a parking lot could be shared. In this paper, a strategy to share nearby park...Lead moreShared parking has been proposed to improve the utilization of parking facilities based on their spatial and temporal characteristics. However, there are few studies which have discussed whether a parking lot could be shared. In this paper, a strategy to share nearby parking spaces is developed by using a method called Temporal-spatial Matching Degree (TsMD). Firstly, the TsMD is calculated to determine the number of shared parking lots. Next, a user-equilibrium-based model of shared parking is established to re-allocate the overflow demand to the shared parking lots. Finally, a case study is used to show that the strategy should be implemented with consideration of the parking resource and the acceptable walking distance of travellers as well. Further work may include proposing new pricing models to encourage drivers to comply with the strategy.

Abstract

This paper documents the joint effort between Singapore’s Land Transport Authority (LTA) and the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF), in providing priority for emergency vehicles at traffic junctions. Due to Singapore’s dense road network and highly connected city landsc...Lead moreThis paper documents the joint effort between Singapore’s Land Transport Authority (LTA) and the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF), in providing priority for emergency vehicles at traffic junctions. Due to Singapore’s dense road network and highly connected city landscape, emergency vehicles conveying patients to the hospitals may encounter several traffic junctions. Extension of green lights as well as reducing the red phase for the emergency vehicle is envisaged to improve the travel time for these vehicles passing through the junctions. This paper will present the implementation and results of a traffic priority system trial conducted in 2017. It will also highlight the technical and operational considerations, and challenges for potential implementation, as well as recommendations for the future development of the priority system.

Abstract

Campus public bicycle system can solve the problem of too many private bicycles occupying parking space on campus. CK-Bike is the first campus public bicycle system in Taiwan’s universities, although the usage is below expectation. While some case studies digging in campu...Lead moreCampus public bicycle system can solve the problem of too many private bicycles occupying parking space on campus. CK-Bike is the first campus public bicycle system in Taiwan’s universities, although the usage is below expectation. While some case studies digging in campus public bicycle system are available, they are quite different from the features of CK-Bike with respects to scale, functions and operational modes. Therefore, it is highly desirable to explore the use intentions of potential users to CK-Bike services. This study employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical foundation. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Organizational Support Theory are also incorporated to build up a hybrid structure exploring the use intentions of potential users about university campus public bicycle services. The findings will help the current operator improve performance and provide practical guidelines for up-coming institutes who are interested in campus public bicycle system.

Abstract

Singapore has implemented many ITS in the past few decades to manage traffic and incidents on our roads. These ITS have provided us with huge amounts of raw traffic data. This paper describes how Singapore unlocks these raw data and turns them into useful dashboards and a...Lead moreSingapore has implemented many ITS in the past few decades to manage traffic and incidents on our roads. These ITS have provided us with huge amounts of raw traffic data. This paper describes how Singapore unlocks these raw data and turns them into useful dashboards and analysis to aid day to day operational decisions at the Operations Control Centre (OCC), as well as provide insights to traffic and incident trends for longer term operations planning and decision-making. The paper also includes an introduction to upcoming ITS developments in Singapore that will further enhance OCC’s operational efficiency and data analytics capabilities.

Abstract

Taiwan’s first closed self-driving test site, covering an area of 2.2 hectares(5.47 acres), built thirteen basic test simulation scenarios suitable for Taiwan (intersection with traffic signal/crossroad with stop sign, movable street scenes and street furnitures, intellig...Lead moreTaiwan’s first closed self-driving test site, covering an area of 2.2 hectares(5.47 acres), built thirteen basic test simulation scenarios suitable for Taiwan (intersection with traffic signal/crossroad with stop sign, movable street scenes and street furnitures, intelligent bus shelter, parallel parking, round-about, lane reduction, variety of curve radii, railway level crossing, T-junction, various road surfaces, tunnel, shade, metal iron bridge). For the simulation situation, a set of back-end management system is built to control the signal controller, intelligent safety intersection, railway level crossing, and the test assistance system, which can simulate pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles, and simulate the situation facilities to simulate a number of traffic conditions were tested.

Abstract

Commuter bus (CB) is a cutting-edge mean of transportation with demand-responsive characteristic and provide efficient and comfortable travel service. This newly transit system has been successfully implemented among cities. Due to the rapid extension of CB system, method...Lead moreCommuter bus (CB) is a cutting-edge mean of transportation with demand-responsive characteristic and provide efficient and comfortable travel service. This newly transit system has been successfully implemented among cities. Due to the rapid extension of CB system, methodologies for identifying potential CB routes are necessary for transportation planners and managers. In this paper, we proposed a method for identifying potential CB routes by implementing grey relational analysis method and using smart card transaction data (SCTD) and open source travel time data. A case study is introduced based on the SCTD from shanghai and travel time data from Gaode API. The selected CB routes with high relational scores would provide 7 to 22 minutes of time savings for passengers.

Abstract

This study first conducts a novel perspective on the industrial perspective of “Smart Car-parking Searching System” that is conducted by different practical deployment cases with evolutionary technology. This study explores the technology evolution of Smart Car-parking Se...Lead moreThis study first conducts a novel perspective on the industrial perspective of “Smart Car-parking Searching System” that is conducted by different practical deployment cases with evolutionary technology. This study explores the technology evolution of Smart Car-parking Searching System, including system architecture, recognition logic, and user interface and user experience (UI/UX). It both discusses the traditional license plate recognition system and probes the novel integrated system through parking space detection, license-plate recognition, indoor navigation, and extension to digital security and surveillance. In conclusion, this study finds out that the Smart Car-parking Searching System should be deployed into different types of parking garages as locally appropriate. In addition, this study indicates three important future issues of 3D mapping parking searching system, including the future UI of smart parking searching system, facilitating toward a low-carbon green parking system, and the assistance by emerging technologies. Finally, this focal case helped us find that there is still significant room for improvement in smart parking searching systems, particularly in the user interface and display device, augmented reality indoor navigation technology, and the enhancement of the searching experience.

Abstract

Recently, smart city has attracted more attentions, especially with the rapid development of vehicular-to-everything (V2X) communication technologies. One of the key application is in the domain of intelligent transportation system, deployed in urban city. As an example, ...Lead moreRecently, smart city has attracted more attentions, especially with the rapid development of vehicular-to-everything (V2X) communication technologies. One of the key application is in the domain of intelligent transportation system, deployed in urban city. As an example, next-generation urban traffic signal is one of the key approaches to alleviate traffic congestion by using more accurate, context-awareness information from V2X technologies. In this paper, we first propose an integrated microscopic traffic simulation platform that extends the functionalities of a typical VISSIM traffic simulator. With our integrated platform, it allows the simulation of common urban traffic applications, such as traffic light optimization and control, V2X communication, dynamic vehicular routing, emulation of driver behaviour. Using the proposed platform, we further study the effectiveness of two main methods in exchanging vehicle status querying and traffic signal light setting in VISSIM, namely, by using COM and DLL approaches. From our evaluations, we find that accessing object with COM interface significantly reduces the average object accessing time to about 24.9% of the typical DLL processing time. Our results highlight the value of adopting COM approach with our integrated simulation platform for urban traffic study.

Abstract

The public and private sectors are awakening to the wealth of data intelligent transport systems (ITS) generate. This wealth is being constantly added to through vehicles’ organic diagnostic systems, add-on telematics systems, and street-side sensor suites, which are all ...Lead moreThe public and private sectors are awakening to the wealth of data intelligent transport systems (ITS) generate. This wealth is being constantly added to through vehicles’ organic diagnostic systems, add-on telematics systems, and street-side sensor suites, which are all in ever more common use. Consequently, the privacy challenges posed by this wealth of data have begun to receive direct attention. Underlying this are deeper questions of ownership and commercialisation rights. Much data creation and collection has been brought about through private funds for private purposes, yet there are clear public interests in appropriating this data for road managers. Most of the subjects of this data have opted in for commercial benefit, yet there are obvious public safety advantages of securing the evidence generated for compliance purposes. Old frameworks no longer suffice. The issues are more complex than privacy frameworks alone can respond to. What else, therefore, needs to be considered?

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We have previously developed traffic congestion precursor detection technology that extracts the chaos of one vehicle’s motion using smartphone acceleration. In this study, deep learning was used to visually analyze the time series of movements causing traffic congestion....Lead moreWe have previously developed traffic congestion precursor detection technology that extracts the chaos of one vehicle’s motion using smartphone acceleration. In this study, deep learning was used to visually analyze the time series of movements causing traffic congestion. Congestion precursor detection is aimed at interpreting chaotic traffic flows by using the distances between vehicles as they move forward and change lanes. Preliminary results are provided.

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Abstract

Abstract Over the past two decades road authorities have been busy installing Intelligent Transport Systems for improving the journey from point A to Point B, making it more comfortable, reliable and safe while reducing the environmental footprint of travel. The developme...Lead moreAbstract Over the past two decades road authorities have been busy installing Intelligent Transport Systems for improving the journey from point A to Point B, making it more comfortable, reliable and safe while reducing the environmental footprint of travel. The developments in Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), Smart Cities initiatives and Internet of Things (IoTs) will change the dependence on infrastructure based ITS to vehicle-based devices communicating with the digital infrastructure. Consequently, this will change the look and feel of the urban scape as it will make the traditional ITS redundant. The transition between the new and the old technologies needs to be managed by determining the end-of-utility of the existing ITS such as: Traffic Control, Electronic Signs, Vehicle Detection and Classification Systems as accurately as possible. This paper proposes a timeline to assist the ITS jurisdictions to transition to the new technologies in the most cost effective and efficient manner.