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Abstract

In a fast-paced environment of today society, safety issues related to driving is considered a second priority in contrast to travelling from one place to another in a shortest possible time. This often leads to possible accidents. In order to reduce road traffic accident...Lead moreIn a fast-paced environment of today society, safety issues related to driving is considered a second priority in contrast to travelling from one place to another in a shortest possible time. This often leads to possible accidents. In order to reduce road traffic accidents, one domain which requires to be focused on is driving behaviour. This paper proposes two algorithms which detect driving events using a smartphone since it is easily accessible and widely available in the market. More importantly, the proposed algorithms classify whether or not these events are aggressive based on raw data from various on board sensors on a smartphone. Initial experimental results reveal that the pattern matching algorithm outperforms the rule-based algorithm for driving events in both lateral and longitudinal movements.

Abstract

A personal mobility vehicle (PMV) for individual use sometimes shares space with pedestrians. It's important to ensure the safety and comfort of both when using the same space. In this study, we evaluate the affinity between pedestrians and PMVs using personal space. The ...Lead moreA personal mobility vehicle (PMV) for individual use sometimes shares space with pedestrians. It's important to ensure the safety and comfort of both when using the same space. In this study, we evaluate the affinity between pedestrians and PMVs using personal space. The psychological strain of the pedestrians and the PMV drivers is measured in terms of physical distance. It is shown that the personal space required of a two-wheeled dynamically stabilized vehicle has greater affinity with pedestrians than does a bicycle, which requires 2 to 2.3 times greater personal space for the front, back and sides. For a pedestrian, the approach of a dynamically stabilized vehicle from the front does not have a large influence; however, the side of a vehicle passing the pedestrian causes more discomfort and fear. Finally, the experiments were carried out using multiple pedestrians and the discomfort and fear levels of the pedestrians were confirmed.

Abstract

Emergency vehicle preemption shortens the travel time of specific vehicle but it always causes some congestion of which magnitude is unpredictable, especially when the intersection closes to saturation. Given this contradiction, a mechanism is proposed in this paper that ...Lead moreEmergency vehicle preemption shortens the travel time of specific vehicle but it always causes some congestion of which magnitude is unpredictable, especially when the intersection closes to saturation. Given this contradiction, a mechanism is proposed in this paper that a temporary green wave corridor is formed gradually along the path by the integration of coordination control, actuated control and intelligent speed adaption (ISA). The system does not require an extensive complicated collection of real time data. And it takes the abnormal behaviors of the vehicle into consideration. The simulator test demonstrates that the emergency vehicle can reach the destination in the optimal travel time with low impact on cross streets.

Abstract

The effectiveness of the advance warning in-vehicle system was evaluated by reviewing drivers' abilities to respond appropriately to unsafe conditions in real-time driving scenarios. A probe vehicle was used to collect individual vehicle speed as well as its speed change ...Lead moreThe effectiveness of the advance warning in-vehicle system was evaluated by reviewing drivers' abilities to respond appropriately to unsafe conditions in real-time driving scenarios. A probe vehicle was used to collect individual vehicle speed as well as its speed change rates. The probe vehicle was also equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) that generated the individual vehicle trajectory. The driver's response was evaluated under two different types of warning system, emergency warning and general warning, using various combinations of modalities that include text, digital tones, voice messages, and graphics. Study results show that for emergency alert, warning information transmitted by integrating' voice, graphic and text' or 'repeated computer tone and text' was most effective. In the case of a general warning alert, 'repeated computer tone, voice, graphic, and text' combination was found to be most effective. This study provides an overall guideline for designing an effective in-vehicle warning system.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an obstacle detection method by using a monocular camera for a vehicle safety assistance system. The proposed method is based on 3D reconstruction given by sequential images and 3D information is used to detect obstacles and the distance to them....Lead moreIn this paper, we propose an obstacle detection method by using a monocular camera for a vehicle safety assistance system. The proposed method is based on 3D reconstruction given by sequential images and 3D information is used to detect obstacles and the distance to them. However, when the optical axis of the camera and the direction of vehicle movement are close, as in the case of a backward-looking camera, this makes the 3D reconstruction error which is differs greatly for each position within the image. For this reason, detecting obstacles and finding their positions become difficult. The proposed method expresses the probability of obstacle existence by using an occupancy grid and taking into account measurement error. Furthermore, we use sequential information to perform more stable detection. In an experiment, the system could perform processing in real time and detect comparatively small targets.

Abstract

Building evacuation plan is one of the most important things when designing a building. It is used to minimize the number of casualties. Generally evacuation is the movement of people from dangerous place to a safer place. However, the evacuation process is not simple as ...Lead moreBuilding evacuation plan is one of the most important things when designing a building. It is used to minimize the number of casualties. Generally evacuation is the movement of people from dangerous place to a safer place. However, the evacuation process is not simple as we think. The evacuation process always interruped with a lot of thing such as behavior, characteristic, time limit, surrounding area and etc. In this study, we using the computer simulation software, Simwalk for evacuation plan in panic situation. It was revealed that when bottleneck occur, the pedestrian will coincide to each other, thus it will increase the friction between them.

Abstract

The knowledge of the traffic status for the road network is very important for Intelligent Transportation System applications. Identification of traffic status on signalized intersections is the focus of research on urban road network traffic status identification. In thi...Lead moreThe knowledge of the traffic status for the road network is very important for Intelligent Transportation System applications. Identification of traffic status on signalized intersections is the focus of research on urban road network traffic status identification. In this paper, the use of real-time Floating Car Data (FCD) is emerging as a reliable and cost-effective way to gather accurate traffic information in a road network. Based on the analysis of traffic flow's moving process on the approach of signalized intersections, the paper puts forward a classification method of traffic status on signalized intersections and the algorithm to identify the real-time traffic status on signalized intersections is established at last. To test the effectiveness of this algorithm, a field experiment using FCD was conducted at an intersection in Nanjing. The test results indicate that the proposed method provides very satisfactory accuracy in application.

Abstract

In this paper, based on the actual needs of the highway maintenance work, a mathematical model was built to analyze the number of maintenance personnel allocation.In this paper, based on the actual needs of the highway maintenance work, a mathematical model was built to analyze the number of maintenance personnel allocation.

Abstract

The innovative road marking 'Optical Dot System1)' (ODS) was conceived through the 'Sequence Design2) Project for Driving-Environment Improvement' at Metropolitan Expressways (MEX) in 2006. ODS was designed for the drivers' safety and comfort by controlling the traffics t...Lead moreThe innovative road marking 'Optical Dot System1)' (ODS) was conceived through the 'Sequence Design2) Project for Driving-Environment Improvement' at Metropolitan Expressways (MEX) in 2006. ODS was designed for the drivers' safety and comfort by controlling the traffics to the appropriate speed. This research attempted to report the ravelment of develop and the evaluation of the effectiveness in controlling speeds. As the trial operation, ODS is installed on an actual two-lane highway in vertical curve including long downslope at the Junction zone with over 60% of exceeded speed traffics in MEX. Soon after the installation, it was observed the slowdown effect to higher speed traffics especially in the nighttime. In parallel, we performed the experiment at Laboratory to evaluate the direct impact of ODS to drivers' visual perception and behavior by using Driving Simulator.

Abstract

We have proposed a dedicated onboard "sensor" system utilizing wireless communication devices for surveillance of road users in terms of collision avoidance. Our "sensor" system estimates the positions of transmitters on road users by comparing the strengths of communicat...Lead moreWe have proposed a dedicated onboard "sensor" system utilizing wireless communication devices for surveillance of road users in terms of collision avoidance. Our "sensor" system estimates the positions of transmitters on road users by comparing the strengths of communications signals of ZigBee devices. According to our experimental results, our system has competitiveness to the system utilizes TDOA localization such as GNSS, at the point of robustness against multipaths in urban canyon. Moreover, our system thought to be capable of detecting participants in non line-of-sight area whom the vision sensors cannot observe. Therefore the system is promising as a composition element of a sensor fusion system for road safety, is the final target. In this work, we report about field operational experiments at real intersections. In experiments at real intersections, we tested the localization ability of our system and GNSS. The proposed system successfully detected the near pedestrians.

Abstract

There have been strong requests for the increase of the posted speed limit on expressways in Korea, due to the recent improvements in vehicular performance and expressway facilities. Therefore, the speed limit of Kyungbu expressway between Seoul and Cheonan was increased ...Lead moreThere have been strong requests for the increase of the posted speed limit on expressways in Korea, due to the recent improvements in vehicular performance and expressway facilities. Therefore, the speed limit of Kyungbu expressway between Seoul and Cheonan was increased from 100 km/h to 110 km/h, in 2010. At the same time, the speed criteria for identifying expressway traffic condition, including congested condition, transition condition, uncongested condition, were changed from 30 km/h and 70 km/h to 40 km/h and 80 km/h. This research was initiated to verify the feasibility of the change in the speed criteria for identifying expressway traffic conditions through the analysis of break points of three-regime traffic flow models using defected data. Collected before and after the speed limit change

Abstract

Definition of Smart Mobility is that a future transport system that provides intelligence transport services through the convergence of the existing transport system with cutting-edge functions of smart devices. This study generates smart mobility services by using three ...Lead moreDefinition of Smart Mobility is that a future transport system that provides intelligence transport services through the convergence of the existing transport system with cutting-edge functions of smart devices. This study generates smart mobility services by using three key words that well represent the concept of smart mobility - 'You,' 'All information,' and 'Anywhere•Anytime.' These services are classified into different categories on the basis of user characteristics and situations. This study envisages delivering these services by considering pre-trip, en-route and post-trip conditions. They can be classified into personal custom services and social custom services.

Abstract

In this paper, a modified version of the existing social force model is proposed to simulate an evacuation procedure in a classroom with different psychological conditions. Based on the numerous literatures on the implementation of social force model in modeling evacuatio...Lead moreIn this paper, a modified version of the existing social force model is proposed to simulate an evacuation procedure in a classroom with different psychological conditions. Based on the numerous literatures on the implementation of social force model in modeling evacuation motions, it is notable that most of the published studies do not take into account the pedestrians psychology in their models. To reflect the effects of different psychological conditions, we develop a modified social force model incorporating a stop mechanism with variable distance, which is related with the psychological factor of pedestrians. Simulation experiment is presented for validating the proposed model. At the same time, the phenomena that more anxious is more clogging are also observed in the simulation. The improvement in our proposed model is valuable for further study and for upgrading the safety aspects of building designs.)

Abstract

This paper presents a mixed flow signal-control model with optimization for both cars and motorcycles at road intersection in Taiwan. Model solution approach by genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization and testing at Hsin-Chu Scientific Park will be given. The approach of ...Lead moreThis paper presents a mixed flow signal-control model with optimization for both cars and motorcycles at road intersection in Taiwan. Model solution approach by genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization and testing at Hsin-Chu Scientific Park will be given. The approach of GA is used to compute the decision variables such as the length of time period of road section, the length of time phase and time difference. The mixed flow signal control model for cars and motorcycles contains five major items: (1) upstream arrivals, (2) propagation to queue, (3) merge into lane groups, (4) departure process, and (5) flow conservation.

Abstract

As the main bone of road network, freeway system of megacities plays important role in transportation system, especially in holidays. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze traffic characteristics on freeway networks in Tianjin during holidays based on Electro...Lead moreAs the main bone of road network, freeway system of megacities plays important role in transportation system, especially in holidays. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze traffic characteristics on freeway networks in Tianjin during holidays based on Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) data. The traffic characteristics are studied in holidays, weekends and working days in terms of travels per day, ratio of cars, average speed, average driving distance of whole network and primary OD pairs. It is demonstrated that car (namely the small passenger car), which conducts longer trip in holidays, is the main vehicle type using ETC in Tianjin freeway network. Furthermore, the results indicate that although traffic flows during holidays are similar to that in working days in this freeway network, the traffic operation status of whole road network and primary OD pairs in holidays are better than that in working days and weekends.

Abstract

Urban transit priority development has risen to Chinese national strategies. In the new situation, because of the financial pressure on the government and inefficient state-owned enterprises as a result of traditional public transport operation mode, some cities began to ...Lead moreUrban transit priority development has risen to Chinese national strategies. In the new situation, because of the financial pressure on the government and inefficient state-owned enterprises as a result of traditional public transport operation mode, some cities began to explore new operation mode. This paper uses traffic sustainable development thought as a guide. Firstly, existing urban transit operators in China are analyzed. Secondly, focusing on new operation mode of government purchase of public transport service, we analyzed key issues such as contract design, the cost and subsidies estimate, build the whole continuation system to ensure the sustainable development of new mode. Finally, Foshan city is chosen as case study. The actual effect and experience of new operation mode are analyzed. Related analysis and suggestions may be advisable for managers to improve the sustainable development level of public transit, and to provide a reference for other cities in China.

Abstract

This paper presents a new method which is used to reconstruct the missing data of microwave data. This method is based on the Spatial-temporal relatively weight values of the traffic flow. First, an overview of existing methods has been conducted. Then, we investigate the...Lead moreThis paper presents a new method which is used to reconstruct the missing data of microwave data. This method is based on the Spatial-temporal relatively weight values of the traffic flow. First, an overview of existing methods has been conducted. Then, we investigate the shortages of the existing methods. The Beijing expressways of the 2nd Ring Road, from the Guangming bridge to the Deshengmen bridge, has been selected as the test road to establish simulation model. By using simulation data, established six models. It is pointed that the average relative error of the first model is verified the maximum only 1.8766% and below 1% in general, when the continuous missing data from 1 to 10. The results indicate that the spatial-temporal relatively weight values model combines stability and practicability, it's better than other earlier models in any traffic condition.

Abstract

Increasingly, our motorways are becoming clogged with traffic; affecting our lives, restricting economic growth. Should we continue to build / widen roads or manage better what we have? Managed Motorways is a toolbox of techniques which represent a step change in how ne...Lead moreIncreasingly, our motorways are becoming clogged with traffic; affecting our lives, restricting economic growth. Should we continue to build / widen roads or manage better what we have? Managed Motorways is a toolbox of techniques which represent a step change in how networks are managed; the application of control techniques based on traffic flow theory to the motorway environment. These systems are being used more and more overseas. What safety and operational benefit do they bring? Will they work in New Zealand? Can we test their effectiveness and measure their potential economic benefits? Information from overseas provides strong guidance to the design and functionality of these systems. Microsimulation modeling can mimic this infrastructure and directly measure the change in behaviours brought about by the ITS systems; how they could improve journey times, reliability, and reduce congestion on actual New Zealand motorways, and manage traffic better when incidents occur

Abstract

IEEE 802.11p is designed to be a promising DSRC standard that supporting low latency and high reliability for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. However, whether the novel protocol can be applied to real traffic in vehicular obstruction environments still remains to be stu...Lead moreIEEE 802.11p is designed to be a promising DSRC standard that supporting low latency and high reliability for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. However, whether the novel protocol can be applied to real traffic in vehicular obstruction environments still remains to be studied.

This paper proposes a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system and tests the performance of the system in unobstructed, light vehicle and heavy vehicle obstructed scenarios. Used four different size vehicles equipped with IEEE 802.11p based device to construct a vehicle-to-vehicle communication platform. RSSI, latency and packet delivery ratio were collected in different obstructed scenarios.

Test results show that vehicular obstruction does a negative impact on IEEE 802.11p performance when the distance between two communicating nodes is less than 200 meters. When the communicating distance is longer than 200 meters, the performance in LOS (Line-of-sight) and vehicular obstruction scenarios has no big difference.

Abstract

Overtrust and overreliance are dangerous driver states in driving support systems. These latent states are caused by the driver misunderstanding the performance of the system. To avoid overtrust and overreliance, and to achieve appropriate cooperation between a driver and...Lead moreOvertrust and overreliance are dangerous driver states in driving support systems. These latent states are caused by the driver misunderstanding the performance of the system. To avoid overtrust and overreliance, and to achieve appropriate cooperation between a driver and a vehicle, we first investigate influence of an information feedback device. It naturally informs operation mode of a driving support system so that the vehicle achieves intuitive communication with the driver. We thus conduct an experiment using experimental Adaptive Cruise Control system to investigate influence of the information feedback device. The results indicates information feedback reduce driver's cognitive and operational workload.

Abstract

This paper presents the dual-band circularly polarized patch antenna for automotive applications. The proposed antenna is composed of the square patch element for the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), the square-ring patch element for the Global Positioning Sys...Lead moreThis paper presents the dual-band circularly polarized patch antenna for automotive applications. The proposed antenna is composed of the square patch element for the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), the square-ring patch element for the Global Positioning System (GPS), and four parasitic elements on the ceramic substrate. As a result of the calculation of the antenna characteristics, the parasitic elements have an effect on improving the antenna gain of the DSRC patch element without deteriorating the antenna characteristics of the GPS patch element. Moreover, the radiation pattern and the axial ratio of the fabricated antenna are measured. It is shown that the measured results are mostly in agreement with the calculated results.

Abstract

This paper presents the DSRC in-vehicle unit equipped with a GPS receiving function for the driving safety support. The proposed unit is composed of two modules: the radio communication module and the antenna module. The proposed unit has compact and simple structure suit...Lead moreThis paper presents the DSRC in-vehicle unit equipped with a GPS receiving function for the driving safety support. The proposed unit is composed of two modules: the radio communication module and the antenna module. The proposed unit has compact and simple structure suitable for the in-vehicle unit since the two modules are connected by use of only one coaxial cable. The superimposed signal which includes the RF signals of the GPS and the DSRC, the audio signal, the LED control signal, and the power-supply voltage is transmitted between the two modules through the coaxial cable. In this paper, the method for transmitting the superimposed signal and the communication performances of GPS and DSRC is shown.

Abstract

This paper reports the methods of and millimeter-wave sensors used in automobiles to detect object tens to hundreds of meters ahead, while driving through poor visibility conditions such as through heavy fog, and/or to recognize traffic situation ahead of the road that ev...Lead moreThis paper reports the methods of and millimeter-wave sensors used in automobiles to detect object tens to hundreds of meters ahead, while driving through poor visibility conditions such as through heavy fog, and/or to recognize traffic situation ahead of the road that even the driver right in front of you may be not aware of yet. In this paper, instead of the traditional reflective wave to measure distance, diffractive wave was used to detect the distance to the vehicles in front of the automobile in front. Currently, there has been no report of such detection method. The radar sensor sends out millimeter wave to the front, where it would calculate the distance to the vehicles in front by detecting the time and number of radar wave reflected off the object.

Abstract

Cooperative ITS is an attempt to let vehicles utilize information gathered from the environment via V2X in addition to those collected by the vehicle itself. In North America and Europe, the 5.9 GHz wireless communication band is planned for use with several channels. Mea...Lead moreCooperative ITS is an attempt to let vehicles utilize information gathered from the environment via V2X in addition to those collected by the vehicle itself. In North America and Europe, the 5.9 GHz wireless communication band is planned for use with several channels. Meanwhile, the only frequency band available for ITS use in Japan is the 700 MHz band with a single channel. In this paper, we propose that high-speed mobile telecommunication technologies is employed in combination with narrowband communications. Required context-aware network controls that consider the data's size and latency tolerance, by setting priorities in accordance with vehicle circumstances can be employed to switch between the networks. Moreover, to achieve location transparency, we developed an application framework using stream processing technique with an optimization algorithm that places the features on physical nodes based on the given network architecture, bandwidth and computational resources.

Abstract

This paper proposes a concept of local electricity sharing system to achieve CO2 neutral mobility in cities. In this system, electricity generated from largely introduced solar photovoltaic panels (PVs) is stored to the non-used cars in a city. In Japanese large cities, a...Lead moreThis paper proposes a concept of local electricity sharing system to achieve CO2 neutral mobility in cities. In this system, electricity generated from largely introduced solar photovoltaic panels (PVs) is stored to the non-used cars in a city. In Japanese large cities, almost a half of cars are used only for weekends and other cars are parking during the weekdays. Thus there is a huge new potential exist, if those cars are replaced by electric vehicles (EVs) in the future, namely it may be used as new battery storages using vehicle to grid. Firstly, this study simulates the effects of large-scale introduction of EVs and PVs on hourly regional electric demand/supply for the Yokohama city. Secondly, based on the geographical demand-supply estimates, this study analyzes the possibility of local electricity sharing by looking at the geographical distribution of high-storage potential areas using a spatial clustering technique.

Abstract

A common problem for cities of developing countries like India in managing traffic is that they do not have basic automated instrumentation to track road conditions or vehicle locations. Still, to help their citizens make informed travel decisions based on changing city d...Lead moreA common problem for cities of developing countries like India in managing traffic is that they do not have basic automated instrumentation to track road conditions or vehicle locations. Still, to help their citizens make informed travel decisions based on changing city dynamics; many cities have an authorized, city-initiated, notification service in place to alert subscribing commuters about road conditions. Here, alternative means may be used to create informal textual notifications – e.g., inputs from field personnel, citizen updates, and pre-authorized events from city calendar. In this paper, we show that collections of such notifications, when processed with information extraction techniques, can turn them into a rich source of data for traffic managers. Specifically, we use Short Message Service (SMS) notifications from the city of Delhi, India to show promising insights.

Abstract

A VANET is comprised of a multitude of services and alerts, most having different requirements of trustability, range, and urgency. Rather than treating these as messages on the same channel, in terms of privacy and system robustness, it is better to assign each class of ...Lead moreA VANET is comprised of a multitude of services and alerts, most having different requirements of trustability, range, and urgency. Rather than treating these as messages on the same channel, in terms of privacy and system robustness, it is better to assign each class of communication to a different channel, virtual or otherwise, with different specifications and protocols.

Separate physical channels would exist for RSU services, V2X communications, and vehicle anti-collision communications. The proposed system employs overlapping standards for areas of high and low RSU density and contains a system to report violators to a central authority. This system would be more robust than other models and could accommodate vehicles with no or outdated OBUs, or vehicles that would rather trade their QoS for a higher rate of privacy. As the system is built around a bottom-up approach, initial cost of implementation would be lower than with other systems.

Abstract

The multi-transportation sharing service management system was developed in 2011. It is able to share diverse transportations such as cars (electric vehicle/gasoline car), electric motorcycles, electric bikes and bicycles and corresponds to one-way trip. The field test ha...Lead moreThe multi-transportation sharing service management system was developed in 2011. It is able to share diverse transportations such as cars (electric vehicle/gasoline car), electric motorcycles, electric bikes and bicycles and corresponds to one-way trip. The field test has been conducted in Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa city and Nagareyama city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This paper analyzes the characteristics of registrants, users and usages (usage frequency, travel time, trip pattern, trip direction) using a year and a half of log data from this system.

Abstract

This paper introduces Construction vehicle management and assistance system using smartphones to help mitigate harmful effects during the construction of the west part of the Gamagori Bypass on National Highway 23 in Aichi Prefecture and on the results of proving tests, a...Lead moreThis paper introduces Construction vehicle management and assistance system using smartphones to help mitigate harmful effects during the construction of the west part of the Gamagori Bypass on National Highway 23 in Aichi Prefecture and on the results of proving tests, and introduces further application of these proposed countermeasures to construction work in other sections and other regions etc.

Abstract

In this paper, we have proposed and derived a stochastic model aiming at obtaining the tail probability of collisions in a chain of vehicles. Furthermore, the effect of technology penetration rate is also taken into account in the proposed model. Our model sufficiently pr...Lead moreIn this paper, we have proposed and derived a stochastic model aiming at obtaining the tail probability of collisions in a chain of vehicles. Furthermore, the effect of technology penetration rate is also taken into account in the proposed model. Our model sufficiently predicts the trend of exact data obtained from exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations.
This work aims at investigating the success rate of inter-vehicle technology under the framework of CVT project. We found that if the penetration rate excesses 50 percent then, it has impact on preventing the accidents with the high number of vehicles involved. However, as shown in the results section, the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle (e.g. velocity and etc.) have a huge impact on the probability of accidents. Thus, V2V communication parameters which affect communication delay must be chosen by considering dynamic conditions of the chain.

Abstract

Avoiding traffic congestion has become a challenge while travelling through cities for humans. However, animals such as ants follow optimized shortest paths to their food/nest without constituting bottlenecks. Thus, taking inspiration from nature we propose a strategy to ...Lead moreAvoiding traffic congestion has become a challenge while travelling through cities for humans. However, animals such as ants follow optimized shortest paths to their food/nest without constituting bottlenecks. Thus, taking inspiration from nature we propose a strategy to avoid traffic congestion based on ant pheromones. The proposed strategy is different from existing approaches in the sense that it does not use vehicle speed based method. Instead, we propose to use the vehicle CO2 emission intensity to identify congestions. In this paper, we present a model that shows how emission data can be used to avoid traffic congestion.

Abstract

Microscopic traffic simulation software VISSIM sets up a simulated traffic intersection environment, and exchanges information with real traffic signal controller. The controller outputs signals to regulate vehicles in simulated environment; meanwhile, VISSIM detects veh...Lead moreMicroscopic traffic simulation software VISSIM sets up a simulated traffic intersection environment, and exchanges information with real traffic signal controller. The controller outputs signals to regulate vehicles in simulated environment; meanwhile, VISSIM detects vehicle information. Detected information will be fed back to the controller. Under the simultaneous working of real traffic signal controller and simulated traffic environment, the evaluation of vehicles operation in simulated intersection can be done through the evaluation module of VISSIM. Vehicles operation is a product of traffic signal controller. Therefore, based on hardware-in-the-loop, it is possible to evaluate and test the effectiveness of control strategy of traffic signal controller.

Abstract

Generally exclusive guideways for BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) sets up on surface and has to cross many intersections so that priority signal control such as Public Transportation Priority System (PTPS) is required to promise effective operation of BRT. However, such signal co...Lead moreGenerally exclusive guideways for BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) sets up on surface and has to cross many intersections so that priority signal control such as Public Transportation Priority System (PTPS) is required to promise effective operation of BRT. However, such signal control can't be applied directly to BRT system in Asian cities because the traffic signal control in those cities is quite different with that in the city of developed country and there are many unique transportation modes such as para-transit. In this study, the impacts of introduction of PTPS at two major intersections on the planed BRT route which will pass through national highway route No. 2 (Mittraphap road) in Khon Kaen city were estimated by using a micro simulation model.

Abstract

A truncated distribution is used to model the distribution of link travel times in a signalized section of road. Link travel time is decomposed into time in motion (the time a vehicle is actually moving) and time in queue. Time in motion is modeled using a truncated distr...Lead moreA truncated distribution is used to model the distribution of link travel times in a signalized section of road. Link travel time is decomposed into time in motion (the time a vehicle is actually moving) and time in queue. Time in motion is modeled using a truncated distribution, while time in queue is modeled as a mixed distribution consisting of a mass distribution and a uniform distribution. A probability density function for travel time is then derived and parameterized by fraction of queuing vehicles, red signal time, and motion behavior parameters including truncation points. These parameters are obtained from sample link travel times using a maximum likelihood estimator. The results show that time in motion and link travel time are better modeled by truncated distributions than by non-truncated distributions.

Abstract

In this paper, travel time estimation model was suggested by adopting forecasted precipitation data. The model was also based on traffic data collected by road-side equipment at Hanbat-daero, which is the primary section of arterial roads in Daejeon, Korea. Rainfall data ...Lead moreIn this paper, travel time estimation model was suggested by adopting forecasted precipitation data. The model was also based on traffic data collected by road-side equipment at Hanbat-daero, which is the primary section of arterial roads in Daejeon, Korea. Rainfall data was plugged into the artificial neural network for training in order to take account of the weather conditions that may possibly affect the traffic flow. In network training process, we selected the back propagation algorithm, and the model was constructed by testing how much sensitively react according to the change of rainfall.
Mean Absolute Percentage Error and Root Mean Square Error were used for the reliability assessment of constructed model. In the results of the reliability assessment, MAPE of the estimated travel time was 5.4013%, and RMSE was 0.37306.

Abstract

On-Demand-Transportation (ODT) gets attention as a new transportation system in depopulated regions. ODT mainly use gasoline vehicles in the service areas, Japan. According to the recent global warming, it becomes one of the important matters to reduce carbon dioxide emis...Lead moreOn-Demand-Transportation (ODT) gets attention as a new transportation system in depopulated regions. ODT mainly use gasoline vehicles in the service areas, Japan. According to the recent global warming, it becomes one of the important matters to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector. To utilize electric vehicles is considered as one way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, a new algorithm for ODT with electric vehicles was suggested. In addition, the required number of electric vehicles to operate ODT was estimated by the simulator with the new algorithm in Tamaki town, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

Abstract

We show traffic spotting with the use of floating car data and approach to information delivery for the purpose of providing accurate information to car users at the time of disaster.We show traffic spotting with the use of floating car data and approach to information delivery for the purpose of providing accurate information to car users at the time of disaster.

Abstract

3D models play a vital role in intelligent transport systems and in geographic survey. Several methods are available for construction of such models. However, the challenge lies when requirement is to build 3D model of urban structures in world geodetic coordinate system ...Lead more3D models play a vital role in intelligent transport systems and in geographic survey. Several methods are available for construction of such models. However, the challenge lies when requirement is to build 3D model of urban structures in world geodetic coordinate system due to poor availability of GPS signal. We deal with such challenge by taking GPS data at several positions along with range images. The range images are aligned in local coordinate system using fast ICP algorithm. GPS data with high probability of position estimation accuracy is used to estimate the transformation between GPS position estimates obtained from GPS sensor and scan center positions obtained from simultaneous alignment of range images. The obtained transformation is used to transform locally aligned 3D points into world coordinates. The evaluation results based on orientation of building facades, positioning on aerial photos and overlapping of neighboring regions confirm the correctness of global alignment.

Abstract

In this study, we developed an image sensor system, which employs a Spatio-Temporal MRF model and thereby enables continuous acquisition of real-time data on vehicle traffic volume and driving speed at low initial cost by utilizing existing roadside surveillance cameras, ...Lead moreIn this study, we developed an image sensor system, which employs a Spatio-Temporal MRF model and thereby enables continuous acquisition of real-time data on vehicle traffic volume and driving speed at low initial cost by utilizing existing roadside surveillance cameras, security cameras, and other existing facilities.

Abstract

Segway tours are currently gaining in popularity for touring sightseeing areas. Compared to walking and cycling tours, however, we do not believe Segway tours necessarily offer an advantage in all cases. It is unclear which elements of the Segway are important to tour par...Lead moreSegway tours are currently gaining in popularity for touring sightseeing areas. Compared to walking and cycling tours, however, we do not believe Segway tours necessarily offer an advantage in all cases. It is unclear which elements of the Segway are important to tour participants, and tour companies do not know which courses would make effective use of Segways. Thus, this study aims to clarify the conditions under which tourists are more likely to select a Segway tour. We conducted an awareness survey with fictitious sightseeing tours and added walking and cycling tours as alternative options to determine which form of transportation respondents prefer. Based on the results, we created a disaggregate logit model for selecting a form of transportation at sightseeing areas. We then ran simulations with sensitivity analyses using the created model. The results reveal that Segway tours are appealing for sightseeing tours with long distances and more hills.